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CELLARER CELLINI 173 turn to Spain he was sent to France as ambas- sador. Here he joined in the conspiracies planned against the duke of Orleans, with a view of vesting the regency of France in Philip of Spain ; but the plot was discovered, and the seizure of Cellamare's despatches laid bare the whole details. He was sent out of France at once, and on his return was appointed captain general of Old Castile, in which post he died. CELLARER (Lat. cellarius), under the Roman emperors, a functionary who examined the ac- counts, and to whom was committed the care of their domestic affairs. The name was sub- sequently given to the purveyors or agents for prelates and monasteries. The cellarer was one of the four great officers of monasteries, and had under his orders the bakehouse and the brewhouse. He regulated the harvesting and storing of the corn, and managed the whole economy of the provisions. His compensation was T ^ of all the grain received, and a furred gown. The office was sometimes held by per- sons of illustrious birth. Philip of Savoy, in 1243, was cellarer to the archbishop of Vienna. CELLARIUS, Christoph, a German scholar, born at Smalcald, Nov. 22, 1638, died in Halle, June 4, 1707. He devoted himself so closely to the study of the oriental languages and literature, that it is related of him that during the 14 years he was professor of history and eloquence at the university of Halle, he only once went out for a walk. He edited more than 20 Greek and Latin classical works, and wrote several volumes on the grammar, geography, history, and languages of oriental countries. CELLE, or Zelle, a town of Prussia, in the province of Hanover, on the river Aller, which is here navigable, and on the Hanover and Harburg railway, 24 m. N. E. of Hanover; pop. in 1871, 16,147. It is a well built and paved town, the seat of the supreme court of Hanover, contains churches of different denomi- nations, an old castle formerly occupied by the dukes ofLtineburg, a Protestant gymnasium, two public libraries, an agricultural society, and various other public institutions. Celle is also noted for its annual horse races. In the castle park is the mausoleum of Caroline Matilda, queen of Denmark, who died here. The in- habitants are employed in the manufacture of tobacco, cigars, and stearine, and carry on transit trade in wool, wax, honey, and wood. CELLINI, Benvennto, an Italian artist, born in Florence in 1500, died there, Feb. 25, 1570. He was intended for the musical profession, to which his father was devoted, but gave the preference to the pursuits of a gold worker and engraver, and soon distinguished himself in chasing sword handles, cutting dies, and en- graving medals. His headstrong disposition in- volved him in brawls and quarrels ; and at the age of 15, when his genius had already excited the admiration of his townsmen, he was ban- ished to Siena for having taken part in a duel. After wandering for some time from one town to another, he found his way to Rome, where a gold medal of Clement VIL. of which he had furnished the die, secured him the favor of the papal court. The pope took him into his ser- vice, and this position gained him employment in cutting seals for many eminent prelates. He also took part in the defence of the castle of San Angelo, against the imperial troops com- manded by the constable de Bourbon, and as- serted that he killed the constable and the prince of Orange. At Mantua, where he re- mained until an affray compelled him to leave the town, he became acquainted with Giulio Romano, and through him with the grand duke, who gave him some commissions. On his return to Florence, where his military ex- ploits at Rome had reinstated him in the good graces of the authorities, he formed an intima- cy with Michel Angelo. While at Florence he devoted himself principally to the execution of medals, the best of which are Hercules and the Nemean lion, and Atlas supporting the globe. But another quarrel in which he became em- broiled compelled him to leave Florence in dis- guise. He went to Rome, and was there ap- pointed engraver to the mint. He soon found himself again in trouble, and a mistress of his named Angelica having fled to Naples, he followed her thither. He afterward returned to Rome, and remained for a considerable time in the service of the new pope Paul HI., al- though his natural son, Pier Luigi, was hostile to him, and caused him to be imprisoned upon a charge of having robbed the castle of San Angelo during the war. He effected his escape, and through the interference of the cardinal of Ferrara obtained pardon. Subsequently he was employed in France, at the court of Francis I. ; but in consequence of differences with the duchess d'Etampes he returned to Florence, where the grand duke Cosmo de' Medici sup- plied him with a studio. Here he commenced his celebrated " Perseus," which as soon as it was exposed to public view created the utmost enthusiasm. He was employed upon many important works, and was not able to accept a proposition made to him by Catharine de' Medici to superintend the execution of a monu- ment to be dedicated to Henry II. He re- mained in the grand duke's service until his death, and was buried with great pomp in the church of Sta. Annunziata. He left an auto- biography, which is interesting as a record of the incidents of his stirring life, and of the his- tory and manners of his times. It has been translated into German by Goethe, into French by Farjasse and A. Marcel, and into English by Nugent and by Roscoe. The best edition, from which Roscoe's translation was made, is that of Carpani of 1812. Cellini also left MSS. on various branches of art, and the academy della Crusca quotes him frequently as a classic. The best part of his artistic works are his smaller productions in metals, the embossed decorations of shields, cups, salvers, ornament- ed sword and dagger hilts, clasps, medals, and coins; the most celebrated specimens of his