Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IV.djvu/222

214 CERVIA CESARI respected in every relation of life. He pos- sessed himself the magnanimous disposition which he ascribes to his Don Quixote; but while in the knight the sentiment degenerates into folly, it bloomed in Cervantes into a genial, witty, humorous philosophy, which made him forbearing toward his enemies and amiable to his friends. La Gitanilla is the most interesting of his Novelas ejemplares. Of his dramatic compositions, his tragedy La Nu- mancia, founded on the siege of that city, con- tains eloquent passages. His comedy El Trato de Argel gives a picture of Algerine life and manners, and is not destitute of interest. His miscellaneous literary productions, whatever their merit, are almost forgotten in the triumph achieved by "Don Quixote." Yet this great man was buried without any kind of distinction in the convent of the nuns of Trinity ; the spot was identified in 1870 by the marquis of Moli- no. A common tombstone marks the place to which his ashes were removed at a subsequent period. No monument was raised to his mem- ory till 1835, when a bronze statue of him, of heroic size, was placed in the plaza del Esta- mento at Madrid ; and a small bust was placed in 1834 over the door of the house in the calle de los Francos where he died. The most splendid editions of " Don Quixote " are those which appeared in 1780 at Madrid, in 4 vols., and at Paris in 1827 (Didot, 18mo). One of the best is the Madrid academy's fourth edition (5 vols., 1819), with a biographical sketch by Navarre te. The author's complete works, excepting his comedies, appeared at Madrid in 16 vols., 1803-'5, and also another edition in 1811, which however does not in- clude his Viage al Parnaso. Arrieta, of Paris, published in 1826-'32 a selection of his works in 10 vols. Baudry's edition (Paris, 1840-'41) gives his complete works. A folio edition in 2 vols., profusely illustrated by Dor6, was pub- lished in Paris in 1863, and in translation in London, with the plates, in 1864. Roscoe's " Life and Writings of Cervantes " appeared in London in 1839. The most eminent German translators of "Don Quixote" are Tieck (new edition, illustrated by Dore", Berlin, 1867-'8), Bertuch, and Soltau. The best English version is that of Motteux, with notes and additions by Lockhart. Among the Spanish biographers of Cervantes are Mayons y Ciscar and Pellicier ; among the French biographers is Chasles (2d ed., 1866). CERVIA, a town of Italy, on the Adriatic, in the province and 12 m. S. 8. E. of Ravenna; pop. about 6,000. It is situated in the vicinity of marshes which contain the most important salt works in the country, and is the seat of a bishopric. CERVIN, Mont. See MATTEBHOBX. CERVOLLE, or ('mole, Arnancl de, a French freebooter, born in Perigord about 1300, died in 1366. He was called Varchipretre because he held a benefice of that grade at Verona, though not in orders. He was wounded and taken prisoner at the battle of Poitiers (1356); but having been ransomed he returned to France the next year, and raised a large band who pil- laged the south of France in the name of the king, then a captive in England. He marched upon Avignon, at that time the residence of the pope, and compelled Innocent VI. to pay a large sum to save the property of the church from pillage. In 1359-'60 he was in the ser- vice of the dauphin ; but resuming his career of freebooter, he forced the count of Nevers to enter into a treaty with him, and reentered the service of the dauphin, who had become king as Charles V., by whom he was ap- pointed chamberlain. In 1365 he offered to lead his companies on a crusade against the Turks. He directed his march toward Hun- gary, but after traversing Champagne and Lor- raine was stopped by the Germans at Metz, where he attempted to cross the Rhine. He then ravaged Alsace, but the peasants took up arms, and he was defeated in several encoun- ters. He went back to France, and according to some accounts was killed by one of his fol- lowers; but according to others he died a natural death in Lorraine. CESARE, Glnseppe, cavaliere di, an Italian his- torian, born in Naples in 1783, died there, April 15, 1856. He was at the head of the custom house of his native city till 1827, when he was dismissed. When the constitutional party came into power in 1848, he was ap- pointed governor of the province of Terra di Bari, but tendered his resignation as soon as absolutism was again triumphant. lie subse- quently wrote Arrigo di Abbate and Lettere romane, historical novels. But his most im- portant production is his Storia di Manfredi, re di Sicilia e di Puglia (1837), which clears Manfred's memory from the imputations of previous writers. For several years he edited a periodical entitled II Progresso, and he is the author of a history of the Lombard league. CESARI, Antonio, an Italian author, born in Verona about 1760, died in Ravenna, Oct. 1, 1828. He took holy orders, and early joined the order of Oratorians. His principal works include new editions of the Vocdbolario delta Crimea (6 vols., 1806-'9), Bellezze della Corn- media del Dante (1824-'6), and translations of Horace, Terence, and Cicero. Four sepa- rate biographies of Cesari have been publish- ed in Florence, Verona, Padua, and Ravenna (1829-'42). CESARI, Giuseppe, or Ginsepplno, better known as cavaliero D'ABPINO, an Italian painter, sup- posed to have been born in a Neapolitan castle of the latter name about 1560, died in Rome about 1640. The son of a poor artist, he went as a boy to Rome, and was employed in a me- nial capacity by artists engaged in executing paintings for Gregory XIII., when his talent was brought to the pope's notice and procured for him a superior education and the patronage of this and succeeding popes, and he was created knight of St. John of Lateran. His frescoes and