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218 CETTIGNE CEYENNES districts ; the canal du Midi connects it with Bordeaux, and the canals des Etangs and de Beaucaire and the Rhone connect it with ' Lyons ; and it is the termination of the Paris, Lyons, and Mediterranean network of rail- ways. The great northern railway connects Cette with Bordeaux and Toulouse, and the Lyons-Mediterranean railway with Montpellier, Nimes, and Tarascon. There are steamers to Algiers, Marseilles, Cannes, and Nice. The town, founded by Louis XIV., owes its rise to the mole, which was commenced in 1666, and which shelters the harbor on the south. At its end, on the left of the entrance to the harbor, is Fort St. Louis, which is surmounted by a lighthouse. A breakwater in front of the harbor prevents the accumulation of mud, and the other side of the harbor is formed by a pier, on the extremity of which rises Fort St. Pierre, completing, with a citadel on the op- posite cliff, the defences of the port. The harbor has a depth of from 16 to 19 feet, and is safe in any weather. Cette is the centre of an extensive coasting and foreign trade. The entrances in 1870 were 2,613 vessels, of which 692 were steamers; the clearances, 2,624, of which 692 were steamers. The exports amounted to $5,414,725, of which wine formed $3,462,063; the imports were $13,- 177,199, of which timber, staves, grain and flour, brimstone, and codfish were the leading articles. There is a large manufacture of so- called Madeira wines, produced by the mixture of French and Spanish wines and brandy. The salt works in the neighborhood are the most important in France. The fisheries of sardines, cod, and oysters employ some hun- dreds of vessels. There are also glass works, extensive ship-building yards, and establish- ments for the production of sulphates of soda, magnesia, and potash by evaporation from sea water. Casks, corks, soaps, sirups, grape su- gar, and perfumes are made there. Cette pos- sesses a tribunal of commerce, various courts of justice, an imperial hydrographic school, a communal college, a public library, and a the- atre, and is a favorite resort for sea bathing. It was laid out in 1666 after Colbert's designs, at a great cost, and the works of the harbor were executed by M. Riquet, the engineer of the ca- nal du Midi. In 1710 a small British force, designing to effect a junction with the insur- gents of the C6vennes, took possession of Cette, but was driven back after a few days. CETTIGNE, or Ctlgne (Slavic, Tzetinie ; Ger. Zettinje), the capital of the principality of Montenegro, situated on a hill about 10 m. E. of the Adriatic, and 37 m. N". W. of Scutari; pop. about 700. It is fortified, has a convent nnd a school, and on a plain below the vil- lage is the government house of the principal- ity. It carries on some trade with Dalmatia, the nearest port being that of Cattaro, and has a powder mill. CETCS (the whale), a large constellation of the southern hemisphere, containing 97 stars, and said to represent the monster which was going to devour Andromeda. Its brightest star, named Menkar, comes on the meridian at 8 o'clock in the beginning of January. CEUTA (anc. Septa ; Moorish, Sebta), a town and fortress on the N. coast of Fez, Morocco, belonging to Spain, and included in the prov- ince of Cadiz; pop. about 7,000. It is situated at the E. entrance of the strait of Gibraltar, where a small peninsula juts out in a N. N". E. direction exactly opposite Gibraltar, being joined to the mainland of Africa by a narrow but well fortified isthmus, on which the town is built. The N. E. of the town is almost en- tirely occupied by the Monte del Hacho (the anc. Abyla), which is a spur of the range of mountains called Jebel Zatout (anc. Septem Fratres). On the highest part of the moun- tain stands the citadel of Ceuta, with a garri- son of 5,000 men. The town is well built, gives title to a bishop who is suffragan of the archbishop of Seville, and is the seat of a mili- tary governor and of a royal court of justice, and the chief of the Spanish presidios or con- vict establishments on the African coast. The other presidios, comprising in all an area of 32 sq. m. and a convict population of about 11,000, are under the charge of the governor of Ceuta. The town is clean and paved in a mosaic pat- tern, has a cathedral, several convents, and a house of mercy founded in 1498. The harbor is unsafe, and there is little trade. Ceuta was a town of Mauritania Tingitana under the Ro- mans. In 1415 John I. of Portugal wrested it from the Moors, who in their invasions of Spain first set out from Ceuta. In 1580 it passed with Portugal to Philip II. of Spain by conquest, and was formally ceded by Portugal to Spain by the treaty of Lisbon of 1668. Af- terward it was several times unsuccessfully besieged by troops from Morocco. At the be- ginning of this century it was held for a short time by the English. U kKS. a mountain range of France, which separates the valleys of the Garonne and the Loire from those of the Sa6ne and the Rh6ne. In its widest sense it extends over more than 300 m., and is divided into the S. and N. Cevennes. The former, which con- tain extinct volcanoes, assume successively the names of Black, Espinouse, Garrigues, and Lozere mountains, and form the group of G6- vaudan, several branches of which diverge in various directions; the most important, run- ning N., connects with the cluster of moun- tains of volcanic origin known as the mountains of Auvergne. The highest points of the Ce- vennes are Mont Mezin, 5,790 ft., and Mont Lozere, 4,870 ft. The northern are of less im- portance, and are scarcely more than hills, under the names of Vivarais, Lyonnais, Forez, and Charolais mountains. They connect with the Vosges through the hills of Cote d'Or, the plateau of Langres, and the Faucilles moun- tains. Several rivers rise in this chain, the most important of which flow N. W. or W. to