Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IV.djvu/30

22 CARPET CARPOCRATES burgh introduced an ingenious plan of using threads dyed of the colors in the succession they would be required ; this was done before they were made into the warp, and by a system- atic arrangement, and thus a considerable pro- portion of the threads was dispensed with. His looms produce what are known as " patent tapestry and velvet pile" carpets. Another device is to weave the carpet in plain colors, and then print it with rollers or with blocks, after the method of calico printing. On ac- count of the thickness of the fabric, difficulty is experienced in introducing sufficient color without going over the work many times. In doing this, the difficulty is of course increased of retaining each color within its own exact limits. Rollers were first used; but a cheap kind of carpet is now produced at Manchester, England, by block printing. Felt carpets are also printed in colors in this country. Vene- tian carpets (which, by the way, were never a production of Venice) are made with a heavy body of worsted warp, which completely hides the woof; this should be an alternate shoot of worsted and linen yarn. The fabric admits of little variety of design. It is made in narrow widths for stairways and passages. The patent wool mosaic carpet is a novel manufacture car- ried on by Messrs. John Crossley and Sons, of Halifax, England- A strong, plain cloth is used as a ground; upon this a pile of warp threads, first arranged over and under parallel strips of metal, which are cut out, leaving the ends like those of a Wilton carpet, is placed and cemented with caoutchouc. If the threads were of different colors, stripes are produced, or the yarns may have been colored by "Why- tock's plan, or colored patterns may be obtained by another process in use. This method is principally applied to the production of small articles. Great Britain is the principal seat of the carpet manufacture of the world. The following table shows the exports of carpets from Great Britain to other countries in 1871 ; and from this it will be observed that, notwith- standing there are several million yards of carpets made yearly in the United States one company, at Lowell, Mass., producing 87,000 yards per week more than 65 per cent, of the exports of British carpets come to this country : COUNTRIES. Ymnta. UK. Value. Russia 198,075 846.658 184,900 Germany 821,919 650.598 ttdJMB Holland 247,880 418,280 ii'H 4:C> Belgium 161,095 278,260 1162-'0 France ,<W04:U 607,760 900,890 Bpain 818,086 U8J86 1.V5440 Italy KMLfiat 471,887 219845 Turkey; 179,284 271 406 107075 EjTVPt. 61 925 101 689 52260 Peru 93581 151768 71 770 Chill 168548 275 742 128905 Argentine Republic.. Australia 104.084 898405 162.860 611 125 78,270 287275 Br. X. America United States Other Countries 772,9(50 6,8M2,4ft6 446,784 1,020.788 11,469,178 726,002 459.-270 5.438,190 884^80 Total 10,957,453 17 781,806 8,242,066 CARPI. I. A town of Italy, in the province and 9 m. N. N. W. of Modena, on the canal of Secchia; pop. about 5,000. It has a citadel, walls, a cathedral, several churches, and a semi- nary, and is the seat of a bishop. Silk culture and the manufacture of straw hats are the chief branches of industry. It was the principal town of the principality of Pico till 1530, when it was acquired by Modena. II. A fortified town of Italy, in the province and 28 m. S. E. of Verona, on the Adige; pop. about 1,200. In 1701, during the war of the Spanish suc- cession, the French were defeated here by Prince Eugene. CARPI, I'go da, an Italian painter nnd en- graver, born in Rome about 1486, died in the second quarter of the 16th century. He is chiefly known as the inventor of a species of en- graving on wood, which consists in the use of separate blocks for the dark shadows, the light shadows, and the demi-tints. His prints are slightly executed, but spirited. They are mostly from the works of Raphael and Parmigiano. Bartsch in his " Peintre-Graveur " describes 15 prints attributed to Carpi. ( AKI'IM, Giovanni dl Piano, an Italian Francis- can monk and traveller, born about 1220. In 1246 he was sent with a company of several other Franciscans on a mission to the great khan of Tartary, to convert him to Christiani- ty if possible, or at least to induce him rather to employ his arms against the Saracens and Turks than against the Christians. Cnrpini travelled through Russia and along the shores of the Black sea, and finally reached the court of the Tartar monarch, in the region N. E. of the Caspian. He remained here a month or more, without apparently accomplishing much, and then set out on his return, which he effect- ed safely, though not without much suffering. He wrote an account of his journey in Latin, an abstract of which was published in the "Voyages and Discoveries" of Ilakluyt. He devoted the remainder of his life to preaching the gospel in Hungary, Bohemia, Norway, and Denmark, and died at an advanced age. CARPINO, a town of S. Italy, in the province of Capitanata, situated on Mt. Gargano, near Lake Varano, 22 m. N". E. of St. Severo; pop. about 6.000. including the whole commune. It contains several churches, and is situated in a region celebrated for picturesque scenery. CARPOCRATES, or Carpoeras, an Alexandrian theologian, of the Gnostic school, flourished under the reign of Hadrian in the 2d century. The fundamental Gnostic idea of a Supreme Being entirely disconnected with the affairs of the universe was the starting point of Carpo- crates. The demiurge, and the other finite spirits ruling over the material universe, were striving to keep humanity from unity with the supreme monad, to which it was constantly tending on account of its having been an origi- nal emanation from him. The preexistent state of the human soul was that period when it had been in perfect unity with the supreme monad.