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CHASTELARD OHASTELLUX 331 as well as in political and diplomatic missions. On the death of Philip in 1467, he remained in the service of his son and successor Charles the Bold, who in 1473 made him knight of the golden fleece. He was one of the most promi- nent writers of his day, and his most famous work is La grande chronigue, ou livre de tons les hautz et grans f aits de la Chretiente souve- rainement de ce noble royaulme de France et de sea dependances, depuis Van vingt [1420] jitsques d maintenant [1474], edited by Bu- chon in the Pantheon litteraire (Paris, 1837). His other writings deal with various historical subjects, and include some poetry. Kervyn de Lettenhove published in Brussels in 1863 CEuvres de Georges Chastellain. CHASTELARD, or < liatHur, Pierre de Boseobel de, a French poet born about 1540, died in 1563. He was a nephew on his mother's side of the chevalier Bayard. He was handsome, young, a distinguished performer in the tilt yard, fa- mous for his skill with the sword, an excellent dancer, a delicate musician, and a poet of some note in the French court during Mary Stuart's residence in that country. He was one of the French gentlemen who, as attaches of Marshal Damville's household, accompanied her on her return to her native land, and fell in love with her. He dedicated a poem to her, which, accord- ing to Brantome, was answered by Mary, who also allowed him to accompany her on the flute when she sang, had frequent interviews with him, and, as Knox says, was so familiar with him, early and late, " that scarcely could any of the nobility have access to her." Whether war- ranted or not, the poet thought his addresses were encouraged by the queen, and concealed himself in her bedroom on the night of Feb. 12, 1563. He was discovered and ejected, and the queen, as soon as she heard of the occur- rence, ordered him with a sharp reprimand to quit her court. Ohastelard, however, four days later again concealed himself within a re- cess in her bedchamber at Burnt Island, where the queen stopped to spend the night on her way to Dunfermline and St. Andrews ; and while her women were undressing her, he rushed out before them all and attempted, it is said, to plead for pardon. The screams of the queen and the ladies brought Murray, whom she con- jured, in the first transports of fear and indig- nation, to "put his dagger into the villain." Murray, however, reminded his sister that he should be dealt with according to the laws of the realm. He was accordingly brought pub- licly to trial at St. Andrews, sentenced to death, and executed ; the queen remaining inac- cessible to all appeals for mercy. On mount- ing the scaffold he recited Ronsard's hymn of death, and as he was about to die he cried aloud, " Adieu, most lovely and cruel of prin- cesses ! " The most detailed relation of the tragic story is to be found in the writings of John Knox. CHASTELER, Jean Gabriel Joseph Albert, mar- quis du, an Austrian general, born in the castle of Mulbaes, in Hainaut, Jan. 22, 1763, died in Venice, March 10, 1825. He was de- scended from the ducal family of Lorraine. In 1778 he entered the Austrian service, and served in the war of the Bavarian succession, and in 1789 in the war against the Turks. In 1792 he defended the citadel of Namur for 14 days against the French, and was taken prison- er, but exchanged the next year, and highly distinguished himself in the succeeding cam- paigns, reaching the rank of general. In 1795 he bore an active part in the third partition of Poland, and in 1798 was sent as envoy to St. Petersburg to engage Czar Paul in a second coalition against France. In 1799 he was quar- termaster general in the Russo-Austrian army in Italy, and was dangerously wounded before Tortona. In the following years he repeatedly commanded in the Tyrol, distinguishing him- self chiefly during the general uprising of 1809, when he gained considerable advantages over the ablest French generals. Napoleon, in an order of the day, styled him the chief of the brigands, and directed that if captured he should be brought before a court martial and shot within 24 hours. He was at length, May 13, 1809, completely routed at Worgl by the French under Marshal Lefebvre, and made his escape to Hungary with only a handful of fol- lowers. After the treaty of Vienna he was made commandant of Troppau, then governor of Theresienstadt, and in 1813 of Dresden. When in 1815 the Lombardo- Venetian king- dom was established, he was made governor of Venice, which post he retained until his death. A monument to his memory was erect- ed in Venice by the Austrian government. CHASTELLUX, Francois Jean, marquis de, a French military officer and man of letters, born in Paris in 1734, died there, Oct. 28, 1788. At an early age he entered the army, and dis- tinguished himself in Germany during the seven years' war, and afterward in America, where he served as major general in the army of Rochambeau, and where his amiable character gained for him the friendship of Washington. The work which established his literary repu- tation was entitled De la felicite publigue, published in 1772. The leading idea of this work was the progress of the human mind as understood by Condorcet and his friends. It is wanting in plan and method, and noted for its bitterness against Christianity. It is now simply regarded as a literary curiosity, although considered by Voltaire as superior to Montes- quieu's V Esprit des low. The Voyages dans VAmerique Septentrionale, published in 1786, contains his journal written while travelling from Newport to Philadelphia, and thence to Saratoga and Portsmouth, and also his journal of travels in Virginia. It has notices of the natural history of the country, interesting de- tails concerning the localities and events of the war of the American revolution, and observa- tions on the character of the principal heroes of that war. It is in an agreeable and lively style,