Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IV.djvu/411

CHICAGO 403 large proportion of the product is shipped to Europe during the winter months. Beef packing is also an important branch of trade, but there has been a decline in this in- dustry in consequence of the increase in the number of cattle packed in the southwest where they are raised. The number of cattle packed in 1860 was 51,606; the maximum (92,459) was reached in 1865. Since that date the number has decreased, being 21,254 in 1871, and 16,080 in 1872. The following statement exhibits the details of this business for four years, the packing being done chiefly by four packers : Cattle packed India and India mess made, tierces Extra mess beet, made, tierces Prime mess beef, made, tierces Mess beef, made, tierces. 1868-'9. 1869-'70. 26,950 9,188 7,258 12,688 13,583 11,963 2,849 4,120 4,465 9,018 1870-'!. 21,254 6,442 5,851 11,040 9,085 1871-'2. 16.080 6,502 4,296 5,902 5,163 The lumber trade of Chicago is a very prom- inent item of its commerce. The city takes a very large proportion of the produce of Michi- gan and Wisconsin, and distributes it by rail- road and canal all over the northwest, much of it being manufactured in the city before shipment. The following are the statistics of this commerce for several years : YEARS. RECEIVED. SHIPPED. Lumbar, feet. Shingles, number. Lumber, feet. Shinzlei, number. 1652. 147.816,232 77,080,509 70,740,271 55,851,038 1853. 202101.078 98.433,784 88,909,848 71,442.550 1854. 228.336,783 82,061,250 138,131,872 92.506,801 1655. 806.547,401 108,047,250 215.585,854 134,793,251) 1S56. 456,673.1t>9 135,876,000 243.837,782 115,563251) 1857. 459,(i39;i98 181,880,250 811.6:18,793 154,827,750 1863. 278.943.OiX) 127.565,000 i 242,793,263 150,129,250 1859. 802.845 207 165,927,000 226,120,389 195,117,700 1860, 262.4M.626 127,894,000 225,872,840 168302,525 18*1. 249.8113,705 79,350,000 189,379.445 94,421,186 1862. 805,674,045 131,255,000 189,277,079 55,761,680 1863. 418,801,818 172,864,875 221,709,330 102,631.447 1864. 501.592.406 190,169,750 26;>.496,579 188.497.256 1805. 647,145.734 810,897.850 3^5.353,678 258,851,450 1866. 780,057,168 400,125,250 422,313.266 422,889,715 1867. 832,661,770 447,089,275 518,978.854 4-*0.930,500 1868. 1,023,4!I4,7*9 514.434,100 551.939.806 537,497,074 1869. 997.736,942 678.166,000 581,588.430 633.817.8W 1870. 1.018,998,085 652.091,000 588,4!0,634 666,247.775 1871. 1.089 3^8.875 647,5:>5,000 541.222.543 558 8 55 85') 1872. 1,188,659,280 610,824,420 417,827,875 486,827,875 The lumber trade is transacted by a lumber exchange, while the transfer of other produce is chiefly effected by the board of trade. The stock of lumber on hand Jan. 1, for three years, has been : KINDS. Sawed pine lumber and tim- ber, feet Hewn pine timber, feet Shingles, number Lath, pieces Pickets, pieces Cedar posts, number 1878. 1872. 1871. 821.943.282 233,871.527 295.124552 6(50.000 1 667,000: 8.628.716 40,801.000 70.970,000 22702.0IK) 87,761.680 17,660.840 88082.564 706089 107,809 1,040,666 129,710, 1.822.788 155,985 In 1850 the manufactures of Cook county, of which Chicago forms nearly all, were re- turned at $2,562,583, on a capital of $1,068,- 025, employing 2,031 hands. In 1860 the productions were worth $13,555,671 ; capital, $5,571,025 ; hands, 5,593. In 1870, and for the years succeeding the fire, the values of products of Chicago alone were as follows : PRODUCTS. . 1870. Oct. 9, '71, to Oct. , 'It. Pork packing $13 000 000 $18,650 000 Beef packing 1 000,000 750,000 Iron and steel 4000000 6500000 Founderies, <fcc 8658,000 6800000 2 880 334 1 620 000 Distilling and rectifying 6 068,221 8200000 Brewing 8,000,000 2 800000 1 277 388 1 400 000 Agricultural Implements 2 008 000 1 950000 Carriages and wagons 1,869,000 1 100,000 Printers' materials 250 000 250000 Printing, &c 8 000 000 8 250 000 Boots and shoes 1,500,000 1 000000 Clothing 1000000 700000 Lumber and planing 9 700 000 14 600,000 Brick 750.000 4,100,000 290000 500000 Tanneries 2 230,000 2 500,000 Sundries 19,922,000 26,800,000 Total $76 843,000 $103,470,000 Add buildings 12,000,000 44,100,000 Total.... $88.843.000 $147.570.000 The manufactures of 1872 include 353,000,000 bricks, and $6,500,000 worth of iron, Besse- mer steel rails, sheet iron, and boiler plate. The iron manufacture employs 1,200 men in four establishments, which in 1872 used 100,- 000 tons of ore, mostly from Lake Superior, 300,000 tons of bituminous coal and coke, and 25,000 tons of charcoal iron, on an aggregate working capital of $4,500,000. Chicago pro- duced more Bessemer steel in 1872 than any state outside of Illinois, except Pennsylvania ; and the iron industry promises to become much more important in the future. Prior to the great fire the manufacture of flour was extensively carried on. There were then 15 mills, which produced 732,479 barrels of flour in 1868, 543,285 in 1869, 443,976 in 1870, and 327,739 in 1871. In the last named year six of them were destroyed by fire, and the re- mainder produced 186,968 barrels of flour in 1872. The manufacture of highwines has increased from 3,744,000 gallons in 1860 to 7, 082, 364 in 1 870, and 7, 209, 347 in 1 872. There are also manufactures of cotton and watches. About 50,000 persons are employed in manu- factures, and nearly one third of the commerce of the city is based upon the productions of these workers. The manufacturing business is yet in its infancy, except in agricultural im- plements, pork and meats, boots and shoes, and leather, for which the city is famous. Ship building is carried on to some extent. During the year ending June 30, 1872, six sail- ing vessels of 926 tons and two barges of 193 tons were built in Chicago. The banking busi- ness of Chicago is enormous. The first bank