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CARTWRIGHT CARUS Burton crescent, London. His life was pub- lished by his niece (2 vols. 8vo, London, 1826). CARTWRIGHT, Peter, an American clergyman, born in Amherst co., Va., Sept. 1, 1785, died near Pleasant Plains, Sangamon co., 111., Sept. 25, 1872. His parents removed in his childhood to Kentucky, where about 1801 his religious zeal was aroused by an itinerant preacher, and he joined the Methodist Episcopal church. He was ordained as deacon in 1806, and as elder in 1808, and preached for many years to the backwoodsmen, upon whom his homely but forcible and earnest utterances produced a deep impression. In 1812 he was appointed a presiding elder, spent eight years in the old Wesleyan conference, four in the Kentucky, eight in the Tennessee, and over 45 years in the Illinois conference. He was a member of every quadrennial conference from 1816 to 1860, and again in 1868. He travelled 11 cir- cuits and 12 presiding elders' districts; receiv- ed more than 10.000 members into the church, baptized more than 12,000 persons, pronounced on an average four discourses a week for 83 years, and preached in all about 15,000 ser- inons. His " Fifty Years a Presiding Elder," and the " Autobiography of Peter Cartwright, the Backwoods Preacher," edited by the Rev. W. P. Strickland (New York, 1856), furnish vivid pictures of the life of a frontier preacher. CARTWRIGHT, Thomas, an English Puritan divine, born in Hertfordshire about 1535, died Dec. 27, 1603. He studied divinity at St. John's college, Cambridge; but afterward he turned his attention to the legal profession, and became clerk to a counsellor at law. Eventually, however, he returned to the uni- versity, and was chosen fellow of St. John's in 1560. He was appointed Lady Margaret's reader of divinity in 1570, and provoked the hostility of Sir William Cecil and Dr. Whitgift by the constancy with which he advocated the Puritan doctrines and discipline. In 1571, when the latter became, vice chancellor of the university, he was deprived of his professor- ship, and in the following year of his fellow- ship. He then repaired to the continent, and was chosen minister to the English merchants at Antwerp and Middelburg. At the end of two years he returned to England, and pub- lished a second admonition to parliament in behalf of the Puritans. A protracted contro- versy with Whitgift, afterward archbishop of Canterbury, was the result of his publication, and Cartwright had again to expatriate him- self, officiating while abroad as minister to English communities. In 1580 James VI. of Scotland offered him a professorship in the university of St. Andrews, which he declined. He was imprisoned on his return in 1582-, but was released through the influence of Burleigh and Leicester, the latter making him master of the hospital which he had founded at War- wick. He was again committed to prison in 1585 and 1591, and in 1592 was reinstated in his mastership of the Warwick hospital, and was again permitted to preach. His " Confutation of the Rhemish Translation, Glosses, and An- notations on the New Testament" was pub- lished after his death, in 1618. He was also the author of several commentaries on the Bible and of other works. CARfPANO, a maritime town of Venezuela, in the state of Cumana, 260 m. E. of Caracas; lat. 10 40' N., Ion. 63 22' W. ; pop. of the town and canton about 10,000. It is charm- ingly situated near the base of high hills com- manding an extensive view of the surrounding country, much of which is covered with for- ests and marshes. There are a church, a gram- mar and a primary school, and some parochial charitable institutions. The climate is hot, and generally insalubrious owing to the prevailing moisture and the exhalations from the marshes. The principal employments of the inhabitants are agriculture and the raising of horses and mules, numbers of which are exported, as are also fruits and other tropical productions. The port is commodious, and is defended by a bat- tery situated on an eminence. CARl'S, Karl Gnstav, a German physician and naturalist, born in Leipsic, Jan. 3, 1789, died in Dresden, July 28, 1869. After studying in the gymnasium and university of his native place, he devoted himself to chemistry, in or- der to aid his father, who was a dyer. He soon left chemistry, and in 1811 graduated at Leip- sic as a physician. Engaged as teacher in the university, he was the first to deliver there a distinct course of lectures on comparative anatomy. In 1813 he was appointed to the French hospital at Pfaffendorf, near Leipsic, and by his devotion to his patients contracted a severe illness. The following year, on the reorganization of the medico-chirurgical acad- emy of Dresden, he was appointed professor of midwifery, and at the same time had the clini- cal direction of the lying-in hospital. In 1827 he resigned his professorship on being appoint- ed physician to the king of Saxony. lie con- tinued, however, to lecture, and in 1827 deliv- ered a course of lectures on anthropology, and in 1829 on psychology, which added great- ly to his previous reputation. Besides his pro- fessional and scientific labors, Cams was a painter of marked talent. His reputation rests mainly on his discovery of the circulation of the blood in insects, for which he received & prize from the French academy of sciences, and his contributions to the history of develop- ment in animals. His principal works are: Verwch einer Darstellung des Nervensystems, itnd inbesondere des Oehirns (Leipsic, 1814); Lehrluchder Zootomie, with 20 plates engraved by himself (1818) ; Erlduterungstnfeln zur ver- gleichenden Anatomic (3 vols., 1826-'35) ; Ueber den Blutkreislauf der Insecten (1 827) ; Orund- zuge der terglciehenden Anatomic und Physio- logic (3 vols., Dresden, 1828) ; Vorlesungen uber Psychologic (Leipsic, 1831); Briefe fiber Land- 8. haftsmalerei (1831); Si/mbolik der mench- lichen Gestalt (1852); Erfahrungsresultate aus