Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IV.djvu/577

CHUBB CIIUND 565 deep dusky green; the sides silvery, but in summer yellow ; the belly white ; the pectoral fins of a pale yellow ; the ventral and anal fins red ; the tail forked, of a brownish hue, but Chub (Leuciscus cephalus). tinged with blue at the end. The average weight does not exceed half a pound, though it sometimes weighs more than two pounds. The flesh is little esteemed, being coarse and full of small hairy bones; the roe, however, is excellent ; and the head and throat are the best parts, being moderately gelatinous. The haunts of the chub are in rivers whose bottoms are of sand or clay, or which are bounded by clayey banks ; particularly in deep holes, shaded by trees, weeds, &c. It frequently floats on the surface, and is sometimes found in streams and deep waters where the currents are strong ; in ponds fed by rivulets it grows to a large size. It spawns in April, and is in the best condition in December and January. It affords little sport to the angler, though it will bite freely at the worm, the grasshopper, and the natural or artificial fly ; for, when once hooked, the mouth is so tough and leath- ery that the hook is certain to keep its hold, while the fish has so little pluck or spirit that it will allow itself to be pulled out by main force. It is a shy and wary fish, and is affected by the slightest movement of the water, or by the shadow of anything fleeting over it, as that of a flying bird or a waving bough. CHUBB, Thomas, an English theological wri- ter, born at East Harnham, Wiltshire, in 1679, died at Salisbury, Feb. 8, 1746. His parents were poor, and gave him very little educa- tion; and nearly all his life he followed the business of a tallow chandler at Salisbury. He however acquired considerable general knowledge, and delighted especially in the- ological studies. When the controversy arose concerning the Trinity, after the publication of Winston's " Primitive Christianity" in 1711, he wrote an essay entitled " The Supremacy of the Father Asserted." This being replied to, he rejoined with " The Supremacy of the Father Vindicated." He wrote many other tracts and essays, among which were " A Dis- course on Reason as a Sufficient Guide in Matters of Religion," "Inquiry about the In- spiration of the New Testament," " The Doc- trine of Vicarious Suffering and Intercession Refuted," " On Future Judgment and Eternal Punishment," " Time for Keeping a Sabbath," &c. He denied the vicarious suffering of Christ, and the divine authority of the positive institutions of Christianity, but maintained that Jesus was sent by God as a moral in- structor. He is included by Leland among the " Deistical Writers in England," and was ad- mired by several prominent men of his day. < III <l NO, Chnenyto, or Chnqnito. I. A prov- ince of the department of Puno, in Peru ; pop. about 75,000. It is rich in gold and silver mines, and raises large numbers of cattle. II. The capital of the province, situated on the W. bank of Lake Titicaca, at the mouth of a small river rising in the Andes, about 15 m. S. E. of Puno and 95 m. E. of Arequipa. In its vicinity are remarkable remains of antiquity. It has greatly declined from its former pros- perity, the population, which was about 30,000 in the beginning of the last century, being now only about 5,000. CHUCK WILL'S WIDOW. See GOATSUCKER. CHUDLEIGH, a market town of Devonshire, England, on a hill near the left bank of the Teign, 8 m. S. W. of Exeter; pop. in 1871, 6,612. It was almost destroyed by fire in 1807, and has since been rebuilt. It contains a church, several chapels, an endowed gram- mar school, national schools, and various chari- ties. It is famous for its cider, and once had manufactories of woollens. In the vicinity are quarries of marble and limestone, and some remarkable limestone rocks, with curious cav- erns which the popular superstition of Devon- shire points out as the abode of fairies. CHUMBUL, a large river of Hindostan, rises in the N. slope of the Vindhya mountains at a height of 2,019 ft., flows N. for some distance, then N. E., and finally joins the Jumna about 90 m. S. E. of Agra. Its total course is esti- mated at 570 m. Besides other streams, it re- ceives the rivers Sind and Parbuttee, and it ia during a large part of its course the boundary between the Rajpoot provinces and Gwalior. CHUNAR, or Cbnnargnrh, a town and fortress of British India, in the district of Mirzapoor, on the right bank of the Ganges, 16m. S. W. of Benares, and 395 m. N. W. of Calcutta; pop. about 12,000. It is a place of consider- able strength, possesses a small citadel, ex- tensive magazines, governor's house, hospital, and prison. The fort is built on a solid rock which rises abruptly and projects into the river. The church missionary society has a church, and there is a chapel for the use of Roman Catholic soldiers. In 1768 the fort, with its territory, was ceded to the East India company, and was for some time the principal military depot for the Northwest Provinces. It is an invalid station for European troops, although during the sultry season the intense heat renders the place ill adapted for a sani- tarium. Outside of the town is the tomb of Kasim Solyman and of his son, who are re- puted as saints by the Mussulmans. I III M>, or < liiinil, a Hindoo poet, of the Raj- poot tribe, who flourished in the 12th century.