588 CINCINNATI enumerating from east to west, are Columbia, Walnut Hills, Mount Auburn, and Cummins- ville. The river at this point rises during floods from 50 to 55 ft. above low-water mark. In 1832 it rose to a height of 62 ft., and 67 ft. in 1848. Nearly 1,200 acres of city land, chiefly in Mill creek valley, are subject to in- undation by extreme high water; but many acres have been filled above high-water mark and built upon, and further improvement is in rapid progress. Cincinnati is noted for its picturesque surroundings and suburbs. On the opposite bank of the Ohio, on a plateau sur- rounded by an amphitheatre of hills, are Cov- ington and Newport, Ky., separated by Lick- ing river. The outer highland belt of the city commands distant views of hills in Kentucky and Ohio, and of the valleys of Mill creek, the Licking, and the Ohio. It is beautified by ele- gant residences in the midst of extensive high- ly cultivated landscape lawns, whose shrub- bery is often the native forest, and is trav- ersed by winding avenues. From the eastern corporation line, through East Walnut Hills and Woodburn to West Walnut Hills, man- sions occupy grounds of from 3 to 75 acres. Blue limestone is used in the construction of the finest buildings. West Walnut Hills and Mount Auburn, though in parts quite com- pactly built, abound in elegant and costly resi- dences, each having from one to five acres of grounds. The highlands W. of the city, be- tween Fairmount and the river, have beauti- ful scenery, but owing to difficulty of access they are but partially occupied. Outside the city, 8 m. from the post office, and overlooking Mill creek valley to the west, is the village of Clifton, comprising many beautiful groves and costly residences. Fences and hedges are almost entirely discarded, and the luxuriant
. Cincinnati. lawns extend to the roadside, covered with every variety of trees. Here the finest man- sions are of blue limestone. The grounds around them range from 10 to 80 acres in ex- tent. There are here fine specimens of the Anglo-Norman, Gothic, and modern Italian styles of architecture. Avondale lies E. of Clifton and N. of Mount Auburn and Walnut Hills, 3 m. N. E. of the custom house, and Contains 800 acres. It has elegant residences with large grounds, and commands views of the surrounding hills; but it is shut out from river prospects. College Hill, the seat of Farmer's college and the Ohio female col- lege, is situated W. of and overlooking Mill creek valley, 7 m. N. of the custom house, on the highest ground in Hamilton coun- ty. Cincinnati proper is rapidly surrender- ing its dwellings to business, while residences multiply on the hills and in the suburbs. The increase of the population of Cincinnati has been very rapid. In 1800 it was 750 ; in 1810,2,540; 1820,9,602; 1830,24,831; 1840, 46,338; 1850, 115,436; 1860, 161,044; 1870, 216,239. Of the population in 1870, 136,627 were of native and 79,612 of foreign birth; 210,335 white, and 5,900 colored. The foreign population embraced 49,448 born in Germany, 18,624 in Ireland, 3,526 in England, 2,093 in France, 995 in Switzerland, 787 in Scotland, and 507 in Wales. There were 53,814 voters. The city contained 24,550 dwellings, with an average of 8-81 persons to each; and 42,937 families, with an average of 5'04 in each. The number of persons engaged in industrial occu- pations was 77,923, of whom 1,420 were era- ployed in agriculture, 25,666 in professional and personal services, 16,865 in trade and
