Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IV.djvu/605

CINCINNATI 593 Perhaps the most prominent industry is the slaughtering of swine and the packing of pork. Formerly Cincinnati enjoyed a supremacy in this branch, which is now held by Chicago, 1,225,236 swine having been packed in the latter city in 1871-'2, and 917,197 in the pre- ceding year. There are 51 houses in the city that cut and pack pork, besides a large number which purchase green meats for packing or pack elsewhere. The union stock yards, in Spring Grove avenue (nearly completed), oc- cupy 60 acres, 30 of which are covered with houses and pens. The regular packing season extends from Nov. 1 to March 1 ; but recently summer packing has been carried on exten- sively. The extent of this industry for 1870- '71 and 1871-'72 was as follows: WINTER PACKING. 1870-'71, 1871-72. Whole number of hogs packed 4S1.560 298-84 630.301 280 Aggregate gross weight, "Ibs Average yield per head of lard, Ibs. Total yield of lard Ibs 143,909,390 42-62 20,524,087 182,283,061 41-02 25,857,463 $6 65 $4 36 $9,574,004 $7,956,885 Pork nacked. bbls . . . 65,777 The whole number packed between March 1 and Nov. 1, 1871, was 87,515, making an ag- gregate of 717,816 for the season of 1872. In 1872 were manufactured from the product (other than provisions) of hogs slaughtered $8,436,039 worth of candles, soaps, and oils, $250,000 worth of bristles and curled hair, about $100,000 worth of grease and $125,000 worth of artificial guano; total $8,911,039. The exports of the product of the hog for the year ending Aug. 31, 1872, were: pork and bacon, $12,981,151; lard, $3,531,327; lard oil, $2,838,810; candles, $1,799,633; soap, $494,790; total, $21,645,717. During the win- ter season of 1872-'3 the number of hogs packed was 626,305; cost, $7,492,030; total net weight, 152,766,653 Ibs; yield of lard and trimmings, 28,604,877 Ibs. The manufacture of iron in all its branches has grown with great rapidity, and promises to take the leading rank in the industrial products of the city. The manufacture of furniture is also increasing rapidly. In 1872, 13,530,973 gallons of lager beer were made from 1,209,249 bushels of barley and 991,235 Ibs. of hops; $4,500,000 capital was invested in this business, and 1,306 hands were employed, at an annual cost of $1,200,000. Large shipments of this beverage are made to the southern states, the West In- dies, and Mexico. The number of gallons of liquor distilled in 1869 was 4,707,440 ; in 1870, 5,951,120; in 1871, 7,488,796. The number of gallons rectified in 1869 was 9,949,632; in 1871, 13,233,634. In 1873 there were 7 state and national banks, with an aggregate capital of $4,800,000 ; 15 private banks, with $2,300,- 000 capital ; and 2 savings banks with deposits of $540,000 from 5,522 depositors. There were 24 fire and marine insurance companies, with $5,000,000 capital, and $3,360,000 income (1872) from premiums ; two life insurance companies, with $200,000 capital, and $384,298 income from premiums; one mutual health insurance company, with $30,175 income from premiums, and $16,480 losses on risks. The government of Cincinnati is vested in a mayor elected for two years, with a salary of $4,000, a board of 25 aldermen, one for each ward, and a board of 50 councilmen, or two for each ward. The board of education consists of 50 members, elected by the people. The courts are : com- mon pleas, of 5 judges; superior, with civil jurisdiction in city cases, of 3 judges; pro- bate, of 1 judge ; police court, 1 judge ; 10 magistrates' courts; and a district court, with a state supreme judge. The United States circuit and district courts for the southern dis- trict of Ohio are held in Cincinnati. The fire department is under the control of five com- missioners, who are appointed by the mayor. It is a paid department, employing 158 men, 19 steam fire engines, 1 hand engine, 1 hose car- riage, 4 hook and ladder carriages, and 86 horses. There are 228 miles of fire alarm telegraphic lines and 170 signal boxes. The police are un- der the control of the mayor and 4 commis- sioners, and their number is limited to 12 cap- tains, 20 other officers, and 300 patrolmen. The city is divided into 10 police districts, each with a station house. In 1872, 12,500 arrests were made. The police telegraph has 20 m. of wire. Water is obtained from the Ohio river. The water works, in East Front street, are of great magnitude. There are four powerful pumping engines, with an average daily capacity of 19,000,000 gallons. The reser- voir contains 4,500,000 gallons, and the ave- rage daily consumption of the city is about 17,000,000. Two reservoirs, with a capacity of 100,000,000 gallons each, are in process of con- struction in Eden park. The value of the en- tire works is $4,247,557. The total receipts in 1872 were $610,961. The sewerage of the city was much neglected until about 1870. In 1873 about 30 m. of sewers had been built, some of which were 14 ft. in diameter. The cost of the city government in 1872 was $4,220,403. Its revenues were $4,976,544, of which $3,297,518 was from taxation. The chief expenditures were: for schools, $717,- 969 ; police, $367,041 ; redeeming bonds, $105,- 760; fire department, $287,343; street im- provements, $435,484. The bonded debt, April 1, 1873, was $6,001,500. The tax levy for city purposes for 1869 was $2 80 on each $100 of the tax duplicate, producing a revenue of $3,- 150,243 ; 1870, rate $2 39, revenue $3,259,768 ; 1871, rate $1 68, revenue $3,039,100; 1872, rate $1 51, revenue $2,643,772. Property in churches, &c., exempted by law from taxation, amounted in 1872 to $5,029,690, and the value of city property not taxed was $15,237,194. The increase in the value of property, the rate of tax, and the amount of tax revenue (including