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612 CIRILLO CISALPINE REPUBLIC which has been restored at a cost of 12,000, and a free grammar school founded under Henry VII. Near the town is a noted agricultural college. It occupies the site of a Roman sta- tion called by Ptolemy Corinium, by Richard of Cirencester Corinum, and by Antoninus Durocornovium. CIRILLO, Domenico, an Italian republican and naturalist, born in 1734, died on the scaffold at Naples in 1799. He officiated in early life as professor of botany, afterward accompanied Lady Walpole to France and England, became a fellow of the royal society of London, a friend of Buffon, D'Alembert, and Diderot, and on his return to Naples was appointed physician of the court. After the proclama- tion of the republic by the French, he was chosen representative of the Neapolitan people, and member of the legislative commission (1799); and on the reestablishment of royalty he suffered death on the scaffold, rather than take the oath of allegiance or ask a pardon from King Ferdinand. His chief writings are Fun- damenta Botanica (2 vols. 8vo, 1787), and En- tomologice Neapolitans Specimen (folio, 1787). CIRRI PEDES, or Cirrhopoda (Lat. cirrus, curly, and )n; a foot), a group of articulated animals, long regarded as belonging to the mollusca, but Specimens of the Group of Clrripedes. 1 and 2. Coronnla oiadema (sessile). 8. Conchodenna uurita (pedunculated). really to the class of crustaceans, and to the order of entomostracans. The barnacles and acorn shells formerly described among the multi valves are included in this class. Their bodies are soft and protected by the shelly covering secreted from their surface. But the anatomical structure of the cirripedes (of the nervous system particularly) connects them with the articulata, and so also their develop- ment from the egg and subsequent transforma- tion. (See BABNACLE.) A peculiar feature is the prolongation of the body and its division into several branches, each of which is fur- nished with a pair of curled arms filled with cilia or hair-like filamei.ts resembling feathers, and which are constantly moving in the water for the purpose of collecting food. The class is divided into two principal groups, the pedun- culated and the sessile ; the former, like anati- fa, having a long peduncle, or footstalk, by which the animal fastens itself to rocks or wood ; and the latter, like the barnacle, being deficient in this, the shell consequently lying close to the substance to which the animal ad- heres. Several genera of each group are de- scribed, all marine. CIRTA, the capital of the ancient Massylii, in Numidia, on the site of the modern city of Constantino, Algeria. It was built by archi- tects from Carthage, and its name in Phoenician signified city. It had great natural strength, standing upon a steep rock, almost surrounded by a tributary of the Ampsaga (now the Rumel). The palace of the Massylian kings was one of its ornaments. In the second Punic war it was in league with Carthage during the reign of King Gala ; but his son and successor Masi- nissa joined the Romans in 206 B. 0., and contributed to their success, but was himself forced to fly before the Carthaginians and their ally Syphax, until toward the close of the war the Romans restored him. His suc- cessor Micipsa enlarged and beautified Cirta, settling Greek colonists in it, and in his time it maintained an army of 10,000 cavalry and 20,000 infantry. After his death, when the Romans divided the kingdom between Ad- herbal, the legitimate heir, and Jugurtha, the former held the capital. He was besieged there by Jugurtha, and forced to surrender. This act brought on the Jugurthine war, and after the defeat and death of Jugurtha Cirta passed with the rest of Numidia under the Romans, who established there a colony, called Colonia Sittianorum, from the chief Sittius to whom it was granted by Julius Cffisar. It re- tained this name until the time of Constantino, who restored it from the ruin into which it had fallen, and called it Constantina. It was the central point for all the Roman roads in Nnmidia. Its ruins are more extended than the modem city. Among them are the bridge across the Rumel, adorned with bass reliefs, and still in good repair, and four gates with Roman sculptures. A triumphal arch has been removed to Paris. < Is U.l'l M REPUBLIC, a common wealth found- ed by Bonaparte in Italy in 1797, consisting of the Cispadane and Transpadane republics, which he had previously established. It em- braced Austrian Lombardy, including Mantua, the Venetian districts of Bergamo, Brescia, and Cremona, Verona and Rovigo, the duchy of Modena, the principalities of Massa and Car- rara, with the three legations of Bologna, Fer- rara, and Ravenna, besides a part of the Gri- sons. It was divided into ten departments, with Milan as the capital. Austria acknowl- edged its existence by the treaty of Campo For- mio. It followed the destinies of the French in Italy. On their defeat in 1798 the republic was abolished, and reestablished in 1800, after