Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IV.djvu/704

692 CLIO CLIVE der of Cornwallis, and at the evacuation of New York by the British. After the close of the war he became commissioner to adjust the boundary between New York and Pennsylva- nia, delegate to the convention for adopting the federal constitution, and to that of 1801 for amending it, and member of the assembly and senate of New York. CLIO, in Greek mythology, the daughter of Zeus and Mnemosyne, and the muse of glory and history. She is usually represented sit- Clio, from an Antique Representation. ting, with an open roll of papyrus in her left hand. Sometimes she holds a lute in one hand and a plectrum in the other. CLISSA, or Klissa, a fortified town of Dalmatia, Austria, 5 in. N. E. of Spalatro; pop. about 1,500. The importance of its position, on a height commanding the route from Spalatro to the interior of the country, has always ren- dered it one of the first points attacked by in- vading armies. The Roman castle of Andre- tium is supposed to have been situated on Mount Clissa, in the vicinity. CLISTHENES, an Athenian statesman, the grandson of a tyrant of Sicyon, of the same name, and the son of Megacles, and at the end of the rule of the Pisistratida? the head of the AlcmeeonidjB, their chief enemies. When, with the assistance of the Delphic oracle and the Spartans, Hippias was banished from Athens (510 B. C.), Clisthenes, in order to secure his as- cendancy over his rival Isagoras, chose the de- fence of the cause of the people, and succeeded, with the favor of the Pythia, in introducing some important changes in the ancient consti- tution of Athens ; among others, the division of Attica into ten instead of four tribes, each consisting of several demi, under demarchs ; the increase of the number of senators from 400 to 500, 50 from each tribe ; and, as some say, the law of ostracism, so remarkable in the his- tory of that state. Clisthenes, being suspected of the desire of tyrannical power, was himself banished, but afterward returned, overcoming his enemies. He was grandfather to Pericles. CLITHEROE, a parliamentary and municipal borough and market town of Lancashire, Eng- land, on the E. bank of the Kibble, at the base of Pendle hill, 1,800 ft. high, on the Lancashire and Yorkshire railroad, 216 m. by rail N. W. of London ; pop. in 1871, 10,980. It contains an ancient parish church, a mechanics' institute, library, and reading room. There are exten- sive print works, cotton manufactories, paper mills, iron and brass founderies, and lime kilns, and the remains of a castle of the 12th century. < l.mni U III s. or, in the language of his na- tive country, HASDRUBAL, a Carthaginian who went to Athens in the 40th year of his age, and, after studying under Carneades, became the head of the new academy on the death of his master in 129 B. C. Of his voluminous works only a few titles are preserved. < UN MM S (now CLITTJMNO), a little river of Italy, rising near Spoleto, and emptying into the Tinia (now Timia), a tributary of the Tiber. It was famous in ancient times for its sacred character, the beauty of its banks and environs, the excellence of its pastures, and a peculiar breed of snow-white cattle which were in great demand for sacrificial purposes, especially on days of triumph, when, with gild- ed horns and wreaths of flowers about their necks, the sacred steers of the Clitumnus form- ed no inconsiderable part of the pomp. Pliny has left a description of the river, its pastures, herds, and groves, and its little temple sacred to Jupiter Clitumnus, the remains of which are yet to be seen on the road between Spoleto and Foligno. CLITt'S, surnamed MELAS (the Black), a Ma- cedonian general, foster-brother and a fami- liar friend of Alexander the Great, whose life he saved at the battle of the Granicus, 334 B. C. He was afterward appointed command- er of a division of the royal guards, and in 328 satrap of Bactria. On the evening be- fore he was to set out for his government he was slain by Alexander at a banquet at Mara- canda in Sogdiana, when both parties were ex- cited by wine, and Clitus had provoked the conqueror's resentment by speaking of the glo- ry of Philip as greater than that of Alexander. The king repented bitterly of his rash deed, and caused a splendid funeral service to be held in honor of his victim. CLIVE, Robert, lord, baron of Plassey, a Brit- ish soldier and statesman, born at Styche, Shropshire, Sept. 29, 1725, died by his own hand in London, Nov. 22, 1774. He early dis- played a bold and unmanageable temper. A clerkship having been gained for him in the service of the East India company, at the age of 18 he sailed for Madras, the voyage occupy- ing more than a year. The only gentleman to whom he had a letter of introduction had left India before Clive's arrival, and he soon found himself in miserable circumstances. He was several times near being dismissed for insubor- dination, and twice he attempted suicide. On the second occasion, when the pistol missed