Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IX.djvu/26

18 HOWARD county seat. The chief productions in 1870 were 287,875 bushels of wheat, 356,401 of In- dian corn, 34,031 of oats, 37,668 of potatoes, 46,429 Ibs. of wool, 121,777 of butter, and 4,250 tons of hay. There were 3,803 horses, 2,687 milch cows, 4,424 other cattle, 14,393 sheep, and 14,656 swine; 5 flour mills, 3 pla- ning mills, 36 saw mills, and 3 woollen facto- ries. Capital, Kokomo. IV. A N. E. county of Iowa, bordering on Minnesota, and watered by the Wapsipinicon, Turkey, and Upper Iowa rivers; area, about 430 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 6,282. It is well timbered, and has tracts of prairie. The Iowa and Minnesota division of the Milwaukee and St. Paul railroad crosses the N. E. corner. The chief productions in 1870 were 321,514 bushels of wheat, 120,234 of Indian corn, 263,258 of oats, 30,713 of pota- toes, 408,351 Ibs. of butter, and 14,880 tons of hay. There were 2,175 horses, 2,734 milch cows, 3,922 other cattle, 1,648 sheep, and 2,640 swine. Capital, New Oregon. V. A central county of Missouri, bounded S. and W. by the Missouri river, and drained by some of its small tributaries ; area, 430 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 17,233, of whom 5,193 were colored. It abounds in anthracite coal, and has quarries of limestone and sandstone. The surface is rolling, and the soil fertile. The chief produc- tions in 1870 were 400,410 bushels of wheat, 917,335 of Indian corn, 152,490 of oats, 42,422 of potatoes, 788,132 Ibs. of tobacco, 66,554 of wool, 126,216 of butter, and 3,856 tons of hay. There were 5,799 horses, 2,425 mules and asses, 4,103 milch cows, 7,326 other cattle, 19,156 sheep, and 35,094 swine ; 2 manufactories of carriages, 4 of saddlery and harness, and 4 flour mills. Capital, Fayette. VI. A S. E. county of Kansas, bordering on the Indian ter- ritory, and drained by Suicide creek and other branches of the Arkansas, and by Fall river ; area, 1,271 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 2,794. The surface is undulating and the soil fertile. The chief productions in 1870 were 4,766 bushels of wheat, 26,795 of Indian corn, 2,710 of oats, 2,304 of potatoes, and 150 tons of hay. There were 243 horses, 502 milch cows, 1,348 other cattle,*592 sheep, 'and 435 swine. Capital, Elk Falls. VII. An E. central county of Nebraska, intersected by Loup fork of the Platte river and its branches ; area, 576 sq. m. ; not in- cluded in the census of 1870. VIII. A N. W. county of Dakota, bordering on Montana, re- cently formed and not included in the census of 1870 ; area, about 3,500 sq. m. It is bounded N. by the Missouri, intersected by the Little Missouri, and watered by other streams. HOWARD, Charles, Lord Howard of Effing- ham, an English admiral, born in 1536, died Dec. 14, 1624. His father, William, son of Thomas, second duke of Norfolk, was lord high admiral of England and lord privy seal. The son was sent to France in 1559 to congratulate Francis II. on his accession to the throne, and served with credit on land and sea for many years. In 1585 he was appointed lord high ad- miral, and in 1588 succeeded in averting from the English coasts the attack of the Spanish ar- mada. In 1596 he participated with the earl of Essex in the capture of Cadiz and the de- struction of the Spanish shipping there, for which service he was created carl of Notting- ham. The appointment of Essex in the suc- ceeding year to be hereditary earl marshal, with precedence over the lord high admiral, induced Lord Howard to resign the latter office ; but he subsequently resumed it, and in 1599, during the alarm at the prospect of another Spanish invasion, and of an insurrec- tion under Essex in Ireland, was appointed by the queen lieutenant general of England. He commanded the party which captured Essex in London, and retained his office under James I. until a few years before his death, when' he resigned it in favor of Buckingham, receiving in compensation a pension of 1,000, and the acquittal of a debt of 1,800 due the crown. HOWARD, Henry, earl of Surrey. See SURREY. HOWARD, Joint, an English philanthropist, born in Enfield, Sept. 2, 1726, died in Kherson, Russia, Jan. 20, 1790. At 16 years of age he was apprenticed to a grocer in London ; but upon the death of his father soon after, he purchased his indentures and travelled on the continent. Returning to England, he occupied himself with medical and scientific studies at Stoke Newington. About the age of 25 he ex- perienced a severe attack of illness, and upon his recovery testified his gratitude to his land- lady, who had nursed him, and who was 27 years his senior, by marrying her. She died at the end of three years, and Howard in 1756 embarked for Lisbon, with a view of doing something to alleviate the calamity of .the great earthquake. On the voyage he was taken prisoner by a French privateer and car- ried into Brest, where he witnessed the inhu- man treatment of prisoners of war. Having procured the exchange of himself and his fellow captives, he returned to England, mar- ried a second time in 1758, and settled upon an estate at Cardington, Bedfordshire, which he had inherited from his father. His career of active philanthropy may be said to date from this time. He built schools and model cottages for the peasantry, the latter the first erected in England for their benefit; and Car- dington, formerly a wretched and filthy village, now attracted attention by its neatness and the healthful and thrifty appearance of its in- habitants. In 1765 his second wife died, and for several years he was employed in his stu- dies and reformatory plans, and in travelling on the continent. He was named tor the office of sheriff 1 of Bedfordshire in his absence, and upon his return in 1773 accepted, and visited in his official capacity the Bedford jail, in which John Bunyan wrote his " Pilgrim's Progress." The wretched condition of the prisoners made a deep impression upon him ; and the confinement of many innocent persons for months and sometimes for years, from in-