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498 JACOBEAN LILY JACOBI no more be called Jacob, but Israel ; for as a prince hast thou power with God and with men, and hast prevailed." He tarried suc- cessively at Succoth, Shechem, and Bethel, where the Abrahamic covenant was renewed to him. While journeying toward the resi- dence of his father at Mamre, Rachel died in giving birth to Benjamin. Among his domes- tic troubles was the loss of his favorite son Joseph, sold by his brethren and carried to Egypt, where he became the highest officer at court. In a famine which followed, Joseph established his father and brethren in Egypt under his protection, and Israel lived 17 years in the land of Goshen, where he died at the age of 147. At his own command he was buried with Abraham and Isaac near Mamre. He was the father of Keuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun by Leah; of Joseph and Benjamin by Rachel ; of Dan and Naphthali by Bilhah, Rachel's handmaid ; and of Gad and Asher by Zilpah, Leah's handmaid ; also of a daughter, Dinah, by Leah. These 12 sons became the heads of the 12 tribes of Israel, and before his death he assembled them and gave them his parting words. JACOBEAN LILT (arnaryllit formosissima), a bulbous-rooted plant from tropical America. Its large bulb is covered with a dark skin and has a long flattened neck ; planted out in the flower border in May, it throws up its flower stalks before the leaves appear ; a bulb usually produces but one, sometimes two flower stalks, each of which produces a large irregular flow- er, of a most brilliant dark crimson color, which appears two-lipped from the bending down of three of the divisions of the perianth (petals), tliicobacan Lily (Amaryllis formosisaima). which at the base are involute around the low- er part of the deflexed stamens and style. Af- ter the flowers open the leaves appear, which should be allowed to grow until the approach of frost, when the bulbs are to be taken up, and kept in a dry place, secure from frost, un- til the following spring. The plant may also be cultivated in pots in the manner given for the hyacinth. The original genus amaryllix has been much subdivided by botanists, some of whom place the plant in question in the ge- nus Sprekelia. JACOB, Bibliophile. See LAOROIX, PAUL. JACOBI, Abraham, an American physician, born at Hartum, Westphalia, May 6, 1830. He graduated at the university of Bonn in 1851, and was a political prisoner for nearly two years, after which he went to London, and in the autumn of 1853 to New York. Here he acquired reputation in obstetrics and diseases of women and children, and was pro- fessor at the New York medical college from 1860 to 1869, and subsequently at the college of physicians and surgeons. He has published "Dentition and its Derangements" (New York, 1862), " The Raising and Education of Aban- doned Children in Europe" (1870), &c. ; and he was one of the authors of " Contributions to Midwifery," &c. (1859), and from 18C8 to 1871 an editor of the " American Journal of Obstet- rics and Diseases of Women and Children." JACOBI. I. Friedrich Heinrith, a German philosopher, born in Dusseldorf, Jan. 25, 1743, died in Munich, March 10, 1819. In his 18th year he was sent to Geneva to complete his mercantile apprenticeship, and during a resi- dence there of three years studied mathematics, medicine, and philosophy. On his return to Dusseldorf he was placed at the head of his father's mercantile establishment, and soon after married ; but in 1770 he renounced com- merce, being appointed councillor of finance for the duchies of Berg and Julich. This office allowed him to indulge his tastes for literature and philosophy, and he was soon associated or in correspondence with Wieland, Goethe, Her- der, Lessing, Hamann, Lavater, Richter, Kant, Fichte, Reinhold, and other leading thinkers. His country seat at Pempelfort, near Dussel- dorf, was after Weimar and the university towns the most remarkable literary centre in Germany. On the French invasion in 1 794 he took refuge in the north of Germany, and passed ten years in Wandsbeck, Hamburg, and Eutin, engaged in literary and philosophical studies, till in 1804 he was called to Munich as a member of the newly formed academy of sciences, of which he became president in 1807. He resigned in 1813, but the title and salary were continued to him till his death. In youth Jacobi had been led to singularly intense re- ligious and philosophical meditations. At the age of eight the idea of eternity struck him so clearly and forcibly that he fell fainting with a shriek. The thought of annihilation and the perspective of an infinite duration long weighed equally upon his mind as terrible and insup- portable conceptions. The perusal of Kant's tractate on the proofs for the being of a God produced on him the most violent palpitation of the heart. He at length was able to check this susceptibility, but even in 1787 he affirmed