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604 JENXER JENYNS ening in the extreme. Not only did the doc- tors refuse to make trial of the process, but the discoverer was accused of an attempt to "bestialize" his species by introducing into their system diseased matter from a cow's ud- der ; vaccination was denounced from the pul- pit as "diabolical;" and the most monstrous statements respecting its effects were dissemi- nated and believed. At the end of three months he returned to Berkeley, and published his " Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of the Variolse Vaccines," giving details of 16 cases of the casual and 7 of the inoculated disease. The facts described were incontrovertible ; but the first impulse toward the adoption of the new practice was given by the successful vac- cination of several persons in London by Mr. Cline, a surgeon, with whom Jenner on his re- turn to Berkeley had left some vaccine lymph ; and so sudden was the reaction in favor of Jenner, that in less than a year after his de- parture from London a manifesto expressive of confidence in his discovery was signed by 73 of the most eminent practitioners of the me- tropolis. Several of his medical brethren un- dertook to rob him of the merit of his discov- ery ; and one of these, a Dr. Pearson, in coop- eration with Dr. Woodville, physician to the smallpox hospital, brought vaccination into temporary disrepute by using and distributing matter from persons who had been inoculated with smallpox a few days after vaccination, and before the vaccine matter had taken a suf- ficient hold. Jenner promptly exposed this mistake in his " Continuation of Facts and Ob- servations relating to the Variolro Vaccinre " (1800). In 1800-'! the "Inquiry" was trans- lated into the principal continental languages, and within the next five years flattering testi- monials from crowned heads and scientific bod- ies poured in upon him in abundance, and his discovery was hailed as an incalculable benefit to the human race. In 1802, not without con- siderable opposition, a parliamentary grant of 10,000 was voted to him ; and so encouraging did his prospects appear that in 1803 he took a house in London, with a view of commencing practice there. He was however deceived in his expectations, and returned in the succeed- ing year to Berkeley, where he continued as before to vaccinate gratuitously all poor per- sons who applied to him on stated days. The royal Jennerian society for the encouragement of vaccination was established in 1803, with himself as president, but was subsequently merged in the national vaccine establishment. So inadequate had been the parliamentary grant to compensate him for his outlays and sacrifices in the prosecution of his discovery, that in 1807 a further grant of 20,000 was voted him, and he subsequently received between 7,000 and 8,000 from India. He died suddenly of apo- plexy. His statue was placed in Trafalgar square, London, in 1858. His life by Dr. John Baron, with his correspondence, was published in 1827 (2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1838). JENNER, Sir William, an English physician, born in Chatham in 1815. In 1848 he was ap- pointed professor of pathological anatomy in University college, London, in 1857 professor of clinical medicine, and in 1861 physician to the queen, in which capacity he attended Prince Albert in his last illness. He was cre- ated a baronet in 1868, and made K. C. B. in 1872 for his services during the illness of the prince of Wales. He is a fellow of the royal college of physicians and of the royal society. He published in 1832 his " Gulstonian Lec- tures," but his most important works relate to the " Identity and Non-Identity of Typhus and Typhoid Fevers." JENNINGS, a S. E. county of Indiana, drained by tributaries of Muscatatuck river ; area, 375 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 16,218. The surface is diversified, and the soil is moderately fertile. The Jeffersonville, Madison, and Indianapolis, and the Ohio and Mississippi railroads inter- sect at Vernon. The chief productions in 1870 were 147,879 bushels of wheat, 402,268 of In- dian corn, 88,242 of oats, 41,236 of potatoes, 48,293 Ibs. of wool, 232,299 of butter, and 12,- 903 tons of hay. There were 4,837 horses, 4,012 milch cows, 6,246 other cattle, 17,085 sheep, and 20,295 swine; 8 manufactories of carriages, 1 of iron castings, 2 of brick and stone masonry, 1 distillery, 4 fiour mills, and 14 saw mills. Capital, Vernon. JENNINGS, William, an English miser, born in 1701, died in 1797. His father was an aide- de-camp to the duke of Marlborough and on terms of intimacy with William III., who offi- ciated as godfather at the baptism of the son. In early life William Jennings was a page to George I. On attaining his majority he re- tired to a magnificent country seat in Suffolk, left unfinished by his father, where he passed the greater part of his life. He never at- tempted to complete the building, but lived on the basement floor in a style of penury rival- ! ling that of his neighbor John Elwes, equally j celebrated for parsimony. The remainder of his life was devoted to the accumulation of property, and at his death he possessed upward of 1,000,000. Like Elwes he also frequented Brookes's and other gambling clubs in London, but less for the purpose of play than to lend money to the unlucky at enormous interest ; and so profitable was this business that, until too infirm to pursue it, he was in the habit of spending the fashionable season in London. He died a bachelor, leaving a will sealed but not executed ; and the disposition of his im- mense property has ever since formed a sub- ject of inquiry among those of his name. JENYNS, Soamc, an English author, born in London in 1704, died there, Dec. 18, 1787. He finished his education at Cambridge. His first production was a poem on the " Art of Danc- ing" (1730). In 1742 he was returned to par- liament as a member for Cambridgeshire, and in 1755 appointed one of the commissioners of the board of trade and plantations. In 1757