Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IX.djvu/86

78 HURON in Gen. Grant's army in the movement up the Tennessee river, took part in the battles of Shiloh and Corinth, held command at Mem- phis in 1863, commanded a corps in Gen. Sher- man's army in the movement to Meridian in 1864, succeeded Gen. Banks in command of the department of the gulf in May, 1864, and was mustered out of the service at the close of the war. He was minister to the United States of Colombia from 1869 to 1873, when ho returned to Illinois, having been elected a member of congress. HURON. I. A N. county of Ohio, drained by Huron and Vermilion rivers ; area, 455 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 28,532. It has a nearly level surface, and an excellent sandy soil. The Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, and Indian- apolis, the Lake Erie division of the Baltimore and Ohio, and the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern railroads pass through it. The chief productions in 1870 were 472,496 bushels of wheat, 777,083 of Indian corn, 519,905 of oats, 169,312 of potatoes, 445, 909 Ibs. of wool, 809,801 of butter, 60,842 of cheese, and 43,- 747 tons of hay. There were 8,550 horses, 10,113 milch cows, 10,182 other cattle, 92,627 sheep, and 15,244 swine; 5 manufactories of agricultural implements, 2 of boots and shoes, 12 of carriages, 2 of cheese, 12 of cooperage, 5 of iron castings, 2 of machinery, 1 of malt, 12 of saddlery and harness, 1 of sewing ma- chines, 7 of tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware, 5 tanning and currying establishments, 4 dis- tilleries, 1 brewery, 7 flour mills, 2 planing mills, and 15 saw mills. Capital, Norwalk. II. An E. county of Michigan, forming the ex- tremity of a point of land between Lake Hu- ron on the E. and N. E. and Saginaw bay on the N. W. ; area, 850 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 9,049. The surface is nearly level, watered by Pigeon, Willow, and Berry rivers, and in some places marshy. Most of the county is covered with forests, from which in 1872 were pro- duced 49,000,000 ft. of lumber. There are also salt wells, from which wore obtained 30,615 barrels of salt. The chief productions in 1870 were 58,251 bushels of wheat, 50,194 of oats, 20,778 of peas and beans, 99,005 of potatoes, 10,097 Ibs. of wool, 131,265 of butter, and 7,597 tons of hay. There were 624 horses, 1,788 milch cows, 1,197 working oxen, 1,596 other cattle, 2,576 sheep, and 1,933 swine; 4 manu- factories of barrels and casks, 2 of hones and whetstones, 1 of salt, and 29 saw mills. Cap- ital, Port Austin. HURON, a W. county of Ontario, Canada, bordering on Lake Huron, and watered by the Maitland and its tributaries ; area, 1,288 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 66,165, of whom 23,740 wore of Irish, 19,388 of Scotch, 16,558 of English, and 5,220 of German origin or de- scent. It is an excellent farming region, and lias good facilities for lumbering and ship build- ing. Near Goderich are extensive salt wells. The county is traversed by the Grand Trunk railway. Capital, Goderich. HURON) Lake, one of the great lakes on the boundary between the United States and Brit- ish America, lying between lat. 43 and 46 15' N., and Ion. 80 and 84 40' W. It receives at its N. extremity the waters discharged from Lake Superior by St. Mary's river or strait, and also those of Lake Michigan through the strait of Mackinaw. Its outlet at the S. extremity is the St. Clair river. It is bounded W. and S. W. by the southern peninsula of Michigan, N. and E. by Ontario, Canada. Georgian bay, 120 m. long and 50 m. wide, lies wholly within Ontario, and is shut in from the main body of the lake by the peninsula of Cabot's head on the south and the Manitoulin chain of islands on the north ; and N. of these islands is Mani- tou bay or the North channel. The whole width of Lake Huron, including Georgian bay, is about 190 m., and its length about 250 m. Its area is computed to be about 21,000 sq. m. Its elevation above the sea is rated by the state engineers of Michigan at 578 ft. ; the Canadians make it 3 ft. less. The level of its waters fluctuates several feet at irregular pe- riods, as is observed also of the other lakes. Various estimates ure made of its average depth, the least being 800 ft., and the highest, which is that of the Michigan state report of 1838, 1,000 ft. In this report it is stated that soundings have been made in the lake of 1,800 ft. without finding bottom. Few harbors are found along the W. shore of Lake Huron. About 70 m. N. of the outlet Saginaw bay sets back into the land a distance of 60 m. toward the S. W., and under its islands and shores vessels find shelter from, the storms which prevail from the N. E. or S. W. up and down its wide mouth and across the broadest expanse of the lake. Thunder bay is a much smaller extension of the lake into the land, about 140 m. from the outlet. Steamers usually stop here for supplies of wood, chiefly pine and birch, which, with the white pine lai-gely cut for lumber, and excellent grind- stones obtained from the sandstone rocks, con- stitute the only valuable products of these shores. At Presquo Isle, 28 m. further N., is another harbor, where the land turns round toward the N. W., and a straight course is thence made for Mackinaw, 70 m. distant. This island is famous as a trading post and fort in the history of the northwest and of the fur trade, and is still a point of importance on the lake. The harbor is deep and well sheltered, on the S. side of the island, under high hills, upon which stands the United States fort. The fishing business is extensively carried on, white- fish of excellent quality abounding in the lake near by, and those of the northern part of Lake Michigan also finding a market here. The shores on the Michigan side present few features of interest. The rock formations are sandstones and limestones of the several groups from the Helderberg to the coal measures, the latter being found in the upper portion of Sag- inaw bay, where, however, they are of little