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CONNECTICUT 25T treasury, the debt of the state beyond its assets amounted to $4,357,822. The revenue of the state during the year ending April 1, 1873, amounted to $2,054,465, and the expenditures to $1,175,567. The chief sources of revenue and expenditure were as follows : Insurance department $26,281 61 Interest on deposits 22,020 74 State tax from towns 785,888 77 Tax on telegraph companies 725 78 " agents of foreign insurance companies .. 21,25421 " savingsbanks 471,22290 " mutual insurance companies 805,670 88 " railroad companies 889,620 44 " express companies 2,000 00 " non-resident stockholders 25,256 47 Miscellaneous sources 32,475 06 Forfeited bonds 19,565 80 Avails of courts 2,532 58 Total $2,054,465 54 EXPEJTDll u KE8. General assembly $97,276 18 Salaries 65,650 00 Judicial expenses 146,823 84 State paupers 8,416 50 Board of education 8,935 61 Directors of state prison 600 00 Public buildings, &c 89,117 60 Families of volunteers 108,448 85 Advances to quartermaster general 56,000 00 " " paymaster general 43,000 00 " " adjutant general 8,00000 Miscellaneous accounts, including common and normal schools, &c 862,426 53 Total $1,175,567 88 The assessed value of real estate, according to the census of 1870, was $204,110,500; person- al estate, $221,322,728; total, $425,433,237; true value of real and personal estate, $774,- 631,524. In 1860 the assessed value of real estate was $191,478,842 ; personal estate, $149,778,134; total, $341,256,976; true value of real and personal in 1860, $444,274,114, and in 1850, $155,707,980. The total taxation not national in 1870 was $6,064,843, including $1,875,024 state, $20,113 county, and $4,160,- 706 town, city, &c. In 1860 the total taxa- tion not national was $1,015,037. The public institutions sustained wholly or in part by the state are the reform school, normal school, industrial school for girls, American asylum for the deaf and dumb, general hospital for the insane, retreat for the insane, school for im- beciles, Hartford hospital, soldiers' orphans' homes, and the state prison. The state reform school, for the instruction, employment, and reformation of juvenile offenders, is at Meri- den, and is under the control of a board of eight trustees, one from each county. The cost of the building and farm of 163 acres was $115,000. Boys between the ages of 10 and 16 years may be sent here for crime by the several courts of the state for a term of not less than nine months and during minor- ity; they may also be received by indenture from parents or guardians, without expense to the state, for a period of not less than six months. The inmates are required to de- vote 6 hours a day to labor and 4 to study. Since the opening of the school, March 1, 1854, 1,662 boys have been received; 152 were received during the year ending April 1, 1872, at which date there were 314 inmates. The institution is self-sustaining, the receipts in 1872 amounting to $840 more than the ex- penditures. The boys are employed in the chair shop, on the farm, and in domestic labor. A similar institution, the industrial school for girls, was formally opened at Middletown, June 30, 1870, and is now in successful operation. It will accommodate 70 girls. For its estab- lishment $10,000 were appropriated by the state, $70,000 contributed by individuals, and 46 acres of land given by the town of Middle- town. Up to April 1, 1873, 123 girls had been admitted and 34 discharged. The American asylum for the deaf and dumb in Hartford is the oldest institution of the kind in the United States, having been incorporated in 1816, and opened April 15 of the following year. The governors and secretaries of state of the sev- eral New England states are ex officio mem- bers of the board of directors. Upward of 2,000 pupils have been received into the insti- tution since its organization. The whole num- ber in attendance during 1872 was 290 ; great- est number at any one time, 248 ; average attendance during the year, 247 ; number of instructors, 15. Of those attending during the year, 59 were supported by Maine, 22 by New Hampshire, 19 by Vermont, 109 by Massachu- setts, 10 by Ehode Island, 60 by Connecticut, 1 by New Jersey, and 10 by Friends. The number of pupils April 1, 1873, was 225, of whom 51 were from Connecticut. The asylum makes an annual charge of $175 to each pupil. In the several New England states legislative appropriations have been made in aid of indi- gent pupils desiring to attend the institution. The fund of the asylum, April 1, 1872, amount- ed to $339,228, mostly derived from an en- dowment of land by congress in 1819. Con- necticut has no institution for the blind ; but an annual grant of $3,000 is made by the state for the education of the indigent blind at the Per- kins institution in Boston. The general hos- pital for the insane, incorporated by the legis- lature in 1866, is pleasantly situated at Middle- town, on the banks of the Connecticut river. The buildings are of Portland freestone, and when completed will be 768 ft. in length, with accommodations for at least 450 patients. The total cost will be $525,000, exclusive of the land, which was given by the town of Middle- town. Provision is made for four classes of patients : pauper, indigent, private, and insane convicts. The institution is under the super- vision of a board of trustees, consisting of the governor ex officio, and one person from each of the eight counties in the state. During the year ending April 1, 1873, the average number receiving daily treatment was 264. At that date there were 271 inmates, including 217 pauper patients, 98 indigent, 12 private, and 9 insane convicts ; 74 were admitted and 65 discharged during the year.. The revenue