Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume V.djvu/391

CORTONA CORUNNA 387 826,273 Ibs. of cheese, 3,431,135 of butter, 59,169 of wool, 303,773 of maple sugar, and 70,259 of hops. There were 6,808 horses, 32,905 milch cows, 10,472 other cattle, 12,503 sheep, and 6,220 swine ; 14 grist mills, 15 saw mills, 9 tanneries, 25 manufactories of carriages and wagons, 19 of cheese, 2 of agricultural implements, 6 of boots and shoes, 9 of furni- ture, 4 of iron castings, 1 of linseed oil, 16 of saddlery and harness, 1 of vinegar, 1 woollen mill, 1 planing mill, and 3 leather-currying establishments. Capital, Cortland Village. CORTONA, a city of Italy, in the province and 14 m. S. E. of the city of Arezzo, in the Val di Ohiana, on the railway from Arezzo to Perugia; pop. about 5,000. It contains a ca- thedral, theatre, and the palazzo Pretorio, the seat of the celebrated Etruscan academy, founded in 1726, comprising a library and a museum of Etruscan antiquities. It is one of Cortona. the most ancient cities of Italy, and was once a member of the Etruscan confederacy, situa- ted near the lake Thrasymenus. It is said to have been originally built by the Umbrians, and to have been in the possession of the Pe- lasgians for a considerable period before it fell into the hands of the Etruscans. It was after- ward captured and colonized by the Romans, but under their dominion it sunk into insignifi- cance and obscurity. Among the many inter- esting ancient relics of Cortona are the remains of the Cyclopean walls which surrounded the original city, and upon which those around the present city are built, a temple of Bacchus, and a sepulchral chamber of sandstone of Etruscan architecture. CORTONA, Pietro Berrettini da, an Italian paint- er and architect, born in Cortona, Nov. 1, 1596, died in Rome, May 16, 1669. While a boy he was put to study painting at Rome, and at an early age excited the admiration of Pope Urban VIII., who employed him to decorate a chapel in the church of St. Bibiena, and also to execute the frescoes on the ceiling of the grand saloon of the Barberini palace. These, and the frescoes in the Pitti palace in Florence, are among the most remarkable specimens of deco- rative art of the 17th century. Among his oil paintings "The Conversion of Saint Paul" is celebrated. As an architect his finest work was the restoration of the church of Santa Ma- ria della Pace in Rome. CORUNDUM, the name of a mineral species which includes several varieties, as sapphire, emery, corundum, &c. They consist of alu- mina in a greater or less degree of purity. Sap- phire is crystallized alumina, free of impuri- ties; emery, a granular variety; and corun- dum comprises the opaque qualities which are for the most part of dark colors. They are remarkable for their hardness, being in- ferior only to the diamond in this respect. (See EMERALD, EMERY, and SAPPHIRE.) CORUNNA (Span. Corn- no). I. A N. W. prov- ince of Spain, in Gali- cia, bounded N. and W. by the Atlantic, and bordering on the prov- inces of Lugo and Pon- tevedra; area, 3,078 sq. m. ; pop. in 1867, 609,- 337. The coast is rug- ged and irregular, the interior traversed by high mountains, inter- spersed with fertile val- leys and plains, watered by the Ulla, Tambre, Lezaro or Jallas, Man- deo, and Mero, and in some places covered with forests. The prin- cipal crops are beans, peas, potatoes, hemp, flax, fruit, and most kinds of grain except wheat and barley. A large proportion of the soil is occupied by pastures. The manufactures are hardware, earthenware, hats, shoes, leather, rope, and sail cloth ; ships are also built. Iron, copper, silver, and coal are mined to a small extent. Wild boars and wolves infest the forests. Be- sides Corunna, the capital, the chief towns are Santiago de Compostela and Ferrol. II. A city (Lat. Coroniuiri), capital of the province, a seaport at the entrance to the estuary of the Mero river, 315 m. N. W. of Madrid; pop. about 40,000. It is nearly connected with Madrid by rail, a railway being in course of construction intended to connect it with the Leon and Palencia branch line, and through the latter with the main northern trunk, be- tween Valladolid and Burgos. It consists of an upper and a lower town, the former built on the E. side of a small peninsula, and the latter on the isthmus connecting the peninsula with the mainland. The upper town is walled, and contains the citadel, the principal government