Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume V.djvu/568

564 CULLEEA CUM^E CULLER!) a town of Spain, in the province and 25 m. S. S. E. of the city of Valencia, on the Jucar, near its mouth in the Mediterranean; pop. about 10,000. It is surrounded by walls flanked by towers, contains barracks and sev- eral churches, and has an extensive coasting trade with France, the Balearic islands, and Spanish ports. The principal products are grain, rice, wine, muscatel raisins, and oil. CULLODEJT HOUSE, a family seat in Inver- ness-shire, Scotland, on Drummossie moor, 4 m. E. N. E. of Inverness, which gave its name to the battle that ended the career of the pre- tender in the rebellion of 1745, fought April 16, 1746. The English troops were led by the duke of Cumberland. The prince's army, com- manded by Charles Edward in person, was almost destitute of artillery, in which arm the enemy were very powerful. The wild, undis- ciplined courage of the highlanders was vainly opposed to the discipline and cannon of the regulars. After a desperate attack and great carnage on both sides, the English troops stood firm, and the highlanders, unsupported and unofficered, broke and fled in all directions. CUOI, or Kulm (Polish, Chelmno), a city of Prussia, in the province of West Prussia, situ- ated in a very fertile region, near the Vistula, 34 m. S. W. of Marienwerder ; pop. in 1871, 8,455. It was founded about 1230 by the Teutonic knights, who divided Prussia into four dioceses, of which Culm with its district was one. It has a Catholic gymnasium, a cadet institution, an episcopal seminary, and considerable trade in corn. It was under Polish sovereignty from 1466 to 1772, when it was given to Prussia by the first partition of Poland. The inhabitants, of German origin, had their chartered city rights, copied from those of Magdeburg, col- lected and revised as early as 1394, which was ever recognized in old Prussia under the name of Kulmer Handfeste, or Jus Culmense. CULM, in Bohemia. See KULM. CULNA, or Rhalana, a town of British India, in the district of Burdwan, Bengal, on the Hoogly, 48 m. N. by W. of Calcutta; pop. about 40,000. It is a station for steamers ply- ing between Calcutta and the upper provinces, and has considerable trade in rice, grain, silk, and cotton. It has a flourishing school and mission of the Free church of Scotland. CULPEPER, a N. county of Virginia, bordered S. by Rapidan river, N. E. by the N. branch of the Rappahannock, and drained in the N. part by Hazel river; area, 673 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 12,227, of whom 6,169 were colored. The surface is greatly diversified by hills and valleys, and the soil very productive. The Rappahannock and Hazel rivers are here nav- igable, the latter for small boats only. There are some mineral springs, but they are yet very little known. Indian corn, wheat, oats, and wool are the staples. The Orange, Alexandria, and Manassas railroad traverses it. The chief productions in 1870 were 105,592 bushels of wheat, 361,654 of Indian corn, 78,568 of oats, 16,644 of potatoes, 2,706 tons of hay, 83,974 Ibs. of butter, and 39,603 of wool. There were 2,338 horses, 2,563 milch cows, 4,066 other cattle, 10,127 sheep, and 5,889 swine; 5 flour mills, and 1 sash and blind factory. Cap- ital, Fairfax, or Culpeper Court House. CULPEPER, John, an early political leader of the provinces of North and South Carolina, was a refugee from the southern or Clarendon colony, and in 1678 was the head of an insur- rection in the northern or Albemarle colony in favor of popular liberty. The navigation acts, by which excessive taxation was imposed on commerce, and an abridgment of political freedom by the u denial of a free election of an assembly," were the chief grievances. Under his direction, the people deposed the president and deputies of the proprietaries, seized the public funds, appointed new magistrates and judges, called a parliament, and took all the functions of government into their own hands ; after which they sent Culpeper to England to negotiate a compromise. He was indict- ed for high treason, but through the influ- ence of Shaftesbury was acquitted on the ground that no regular government had ex- isted in Albemarle. He returned to Carolina, and in 1680 laid out the city of Charleston, re- ducing the paths, streets, and squares to com- parative regularity, and enclosing the town site with a line of fortifications. CULPEPER, or Colepeper, Thomas, lord, a colo- nial governor of Virginia, died in 1 688. He was one of the grantees of the territory of Virginia, and in 1669 purchased of his co-grantees their rights to the country lying between the Rappa- hannock and Potomac rivers. This grant he sur- rendered, and in 1673 a new one, including the whole of Virginia for the term of 31 years, was issued to him and the earl of Arlington. Cul- peper was at this time a member of the com- mission for trade and plantations, and had the reputation of being most cunning and covet- ous. In 1675 he was appointed governor of Virginia for life, but he did not come to his province until the early part of 1680, and he returned to England in the latter part of the same year. In 1682 he again came to Virgin- ia, and having returned to England again in 1683 without the royal permission, and being also charged with having violated his instruc- tions, he was by a proceeding of law deprived of his commission. He administered his oflSce almost exclusively for his own pecuniary ad- vantage, with little regard for the welfare of the people. Under his administration an act was passed to encourage emigration by en- abling the governor to naturalize any person by instrument under his seal ; also an act of indemnity for all offences committed in the rebellion under Gov. Berkeley, and one to pre- vent the frequent meeting of slaves. CUMJ2, or Cnma, one of the most ancient and celebrated of the Greek cities of Italy, situated on the Campanian shore a little K. of Baia3. It is said to have been founded by a joint col-