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DENIIAM perils and suffering. He afterward continued his explorations of the interior, and returned to England with Clapperton in 1825. In 1826 he published in London his " Narrative of Travels and Discoveries in Northern and Central Africa, in the years 1822, 1823, and 1824." In the same year he was promoted to the rank of lieu- tenant colonel and appointed superintendent of the liberated African department of Sierra Le- one, and in 1828 governor of the colony. DENIIAM, Sir John, an English poet, born in Dublin in 1615, died in London, March 19, 1668. In 1641 he published "The Sophy," a tragedy, which was praised by Waller, and had an immediate success; and in 1643 appeared his poem "Cooper's Hill," on which his fame rests. The following two famous lines occur in the apostrophe to the Thames in that poem : Though deep, yet clear ; though gentle, yet not dull ; Strong without rage, without o'erflowing full. During the imprisonment of Charles I. Den- ham performed many secret services for him, and being detected fled to France. On the restoration he was appointed surveyor general of the royal buildings. DENINA, Giacomo Maria arlo, an Italian his- torian, born at Revello, Piedmont, Feb. 28, 1731, died in Paris, Dec. 5, 1813. He took holy orders, acted as professor at Pinerolo and Turin, and was subjected to persecutions on the part of the Jesuits. About 1782 he went to Berlin, in compliance with an invita- tion of Frederick the Great, and wrote there his Rivoluzioni della Germania (8 vols., Flor- ence, 1804), several works on North German literature (in French), and an effusion in praise of Peter the Great (La Russiade, Berlin, 1790). "While at Mentz in 1804 he was introduced to Napoleon, to whom he dedicated his Clef des langues (Berlin, 1804), and who shortly after- ward appointed him imperial librarian at Paris. Denina wrote many other literary, critical, and historical works; but his literary fame rests chiefly upon his Istoria delle riwluzioni d* Ita- lia (3 vols., Turin, 1769-'70 ; best edition, Milan, 1820 ; translated into several European languages), which contains a general history of that country from the time of the Etruscans. He left in manuscript three volumes of a his- tory of Piedmont, which have not been pub- lished in Italian, but have appeared in German. DENIS, or Denys (Lat. DIONYSIUS), Saint, apos- tle and first bishop of Paris in the 3d century. He was one of a company of missionaries who were sent from Eome, about 250, to re- vive the drooping church in Gaul ; and after preaching in various parts of that country and suffering much at the hands of the pagans, he arrived at Lutetia (Paris), where he made many converts. He built a church there, and made it the seat of his bishopric. During the persecution under Aurelian he was condemned to death by the Roman governor Pescennius, and with a priest named Rusticus, and a deacon Eleutherus, was beheaded in 272. The bodies DENIZLI 9 were thrown into the Seine, but were recovered by a Christian woman, Catulla, who caused them to be interred near the scene of the ex- ecution. A chapel was built over the spot, and after it had fallen to ruin was replaced by St. Genevieve with a church in 469, which was afterward united to the famous abbey of St. Denis, founded by Dagobert about 636. St. Denis became the patron of the kingdom, and his name served as a war cry to the French, who used to rally in battle at the words Montjoye Saint Denis. His festival is kept Oct. 9. The popular belief that after his decapitation he walked about with his head in his hands may have originated in the ancient paintings, which represented him so engaged, as an emblem of the manner of his death. DENIZEN, in English law, an alien born who has received by letters patent from the king certain privileges belonging to natural born subjects. Thus he may take lands by purchase or devise, but not by descent. In American law there is no middle class of this kind be- tween aliens and citizens, unless we may des- ignate as such those who have declared an intention to become citizens, but have not be- come fully naturalized. In some of the states, by statute, such persons are allowed to take and convey real estate, the difference between them and aliens being that, although the latter can take real estate and hold it until some proceeding is taken by public authority to divest the title, commonly called office-found (i. e., an inquest by official action), yet upon such proceeding being had, the land would escheat to the state although the alien should have conveyed to another. Another significa- tion is sometimes attached to the term, in a more popular sense, though it is also to be found in some law writers, viz., a resident. This meaning is not wholly inconsistent with the other, as it may at an early period, when the doctrine of citizenship was not well settled, have been understood of the children of aliens born in England. By the present law of that country such children are recognized as sub- jects, except in certain cases, as the children of persons representing or in the service of foreign governments who are temporarily in England. The same rule is recognized in the United States, and as a consequence it was thought necessary to provide by law that the children of Americans born abroad should be held to be American citizens. DENIZLI, a town of Asia Minor, on the main road between Smyrna and Isbarta, 110 m. S. E. of the former and 70 m. W. of the latter place; lat. 37 50' N., Ion. 29 15' E. ; pop. about 7,000. The town, which is situated not far from the base of the Baba Dagh (the an- cient Mount Cadmus, on the confines of Caria and Phrygia), in a well wooded country, has been called the Damascus of Anatolia on ac- count of the beauty of its surroundings. There are many villas in its environs, and the hills are covered with vineyards. Within the town