Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VI.djvu/223

DORIA DORIS 215 boasted of many high functionaries and four distinguished admirals before the 14th century. Their fame, however, was eclipsed by that of Andrea, who in early life was successively em- ployed in the service of Pope Innocent VIII., of the duke of Urbino, and of Ferdinand and Alfonso II. of Naples ; and having passed some time in the Holy Land, he distinguished himself after his return to Italy by his exploits against Gonsalvo de Cordova and the Corsicans. In 1513 he was placed at the head of the navy of Genoa, and soon displayed his remarkable naval abilities, especially by clearing the waters of Ge- noa of pirates. When political troubles induced him to remove to Monaco, he showed as much public zeal in his retirement as he had while in power, and fitted out at his own expense 12 galleys which he had taken from the corsairs. In the war between Francis I. and Charles V. he accepted the command of the French gal- leys. After defeating the imperial fleet at Marseilles in 1524, and rendering various other signal services to the cause of France, he took umbrage at the attempt of Francis to injure Genoa by setting up a rival for her in fortifying the city of Savona, and, displeased at the same time with the personal treatment to which he was subjected, he left the French service to join that of Charles V., with whom he stipu- lated for the freedom of Genoa as the price of his services. By going over to the Spanish- Austrian party he paralyzed the progress of the French in Italy, and expelled them from Genoa (1528). Doria was now invested with the supreme power of Genoa, although he de- clined the dignity of doge, as this would have prevented him from remaining in the service of Charles V. The senate conferred upon him the name of " the father of peace," and ordered a statue to be erected to him and a palace to be placed at his disposal. He inaugurated a new form of government, making the office of doge biennial instead of for life, terminated the fatal dissensions between the Adorni and Fre- gosi, and recalled the banished members of the Genoese aristocracy, without however granting them any privileges over the other classes of society. While restoring order and governing the affairs of the republic, he continued to ren- der himself useful to Charles V., who appointed him commander-in-chief of his navy, gave him the principality of Melfi, and raised the num- ber of his galleys to 22. In 1532 he took from the Turks the towns of Coron and Patras in Greece. The conquest of Tunis in 1535 was mainly effected through his skill and bravery. In 1536 he took part in the invasion of Pro- vence, captured Toulon, and carried the war to the gulf of Lyons. After the defeat of the im- perial army by the French, he accompanied the emperor to Barcelona ; and when a truce was concluded, the interview between Charles V. and Francis I. took place on board of one of Doria's galleys, this opportunity serving at the same time to effect a reconciliation be- tween himself and his former master, the king of France. In 1539 he neglected to avail him- self of his superior force to defeat at Prevesa the Turkish fleet under Khair ed-Din (Barba- rossa) of Algiers ; and in 1541, during the fatal expedition of Charles to Algiers, he lost 11 of his galleys. Returning to Genoa, he applied himself for the rest of his life to the adminis- tration of the affairs of the republic, which was disturbed by the revolution instigated by the Fieschi family. In the outbreak of January, 1547, his nephew Gianettino Doria lost his life, which caused Andrea to punish the conspira- tors with great severity, and Fiesco himself was drowned accidentally. Doria's death, at the age of 92, was deplored by the Genoese as a national calamity. DORIANS, the name by which one of the four chief branches of the Hellenes, the descendants of Dor us, son of Hellen, were distinguished in the history of ancient Greece. In the remotest period they appear on the classic ground be- tween Mount Olympus and Ossa; then, by turns conquering and conquered, in Macedonia, on the island of Crete, in Doris, where they founded the Tetrapolis, and in the Peloponne- sus, which they entered under the returning Heraclidse, and where they became masters of Sparta, Argos, and Messenia. They distin- guished themselves from other Hellenic tribes by a character of dignified solidity, of rigid and often rough gravity. This manifested itself not only in their manners, laws, and institutions, so much in contrast with those of the milder lonians, but also in their dialect, broad and rough, but strong and solemn, and therefore well suited to sacred hymns and choruses ; in the light hunting dress of their women, in the strong and unadorned Doric column, in the warlike sounds of their music, and even in the spirit of the Pythagorean philosophy ; while everything Ionian was marked by a character of softness, elegance, and taste. Colonies of the Dorians flourished in Italy, Sicily, and Asia Minor. See K. O. Mtiller, Die Dorier (2d ed., 3 vols., Breslau, 1844). DORIS. I. A district of Greece, now belong- ing to the nomarchy of Phthiotis and Phocis, a small mountainous region, watered by the Pin- dus ; anciently one of the smallest divisions of Hellas, inhabited by the Dorians, and bounded by Thessaly, Phocis, Locris, and ./Etolia. Of its four confederate cities, the so-called Tetra- polis. built at the foot of Mount (Eta, none was adorned by great names or events. They were soon destroyed by hostile neighbors and were in ruins in the time of the Romans. II. In Asia Minor, a portion of the coast of Caria, settled by Dorians. It formed a part of a con- federacy originally consisting of six cities, most of them on the neighboring islands, and known as the Dorian hexapolis, which, though depen- dent at every period of history on some larger state, had a place of national assembly on the promontory of Triopium, where festivals and games were celebrated, and common affairs discussed. Halicarnassus and Cnidus were the