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228 DOUGLASS Col. Robert Martin of Rockingham co., N. C., by whom he had three children, two of whom are living, and the eldest of whom, Robert Martin Douglas, is now (1873) private secre- tary to President Grant. She died Jan. 19, 1853. He was again married, Nov. 20, 1856, to Adele, daughter of James Madison Cutts of Washington, I). C., who survived him, and is now the wife of Gen. Robert Williams, U. S. A. Senator Douglas's life, by James W. Sheahan, was published in 1860. DO! GLASS, David Bates, an American engineer, born in Pompton, N. J., March 21, 1790, died in Geneva, N. Y., Oct. 19, 1849. He gradu- ated at Yale college in 1813, entered the army as second lieutenant of engineers, and for his share in the defence of Fort Erie was made first lieutenant, with the brevet rank of cap- tain. In 1815 he was appointed assistant pro- fessor of natural and experimental philosophy at West Point, in 1819 was astronomical sur- veyor of the boundary commission from Ni- agara to Detroit, and in the summer of 1820 accompanied Governor Cass in a similar capa- city to the northwest. In August he became professor of mathematics at West Point, with the rank of major, and in 1823 professor of civil and military engineering. In this sci- ence he soon acquired a wide reputation. He was employed by the state of Pennsylvania during the summer recesses from 1826 to 1830 as a consulting engineer, and was charged with several of the more difficult parts in its system of public works. In 1831 he resigned his pro- fessorship and became chief engineer of the Morris canal. In 1832 he was appointed pro- fessor of civil architecture in the new university of the city of New York, and prepared the designs for its building. In June, 1833, he commenced his surveys for supplying New York with water, and in November submitted his first report, showing how to obtain a sup- ply from the Croton river. In 1835, his plan having been accepted, he was elected chief engineer, and had accomplished the prelimi- nary work when he was superseded. In 1839 he planned and laid out Greenwood cemetery. He was president of Kenyon college, Ohio, from 1841 to 1844, when he returned to the vicinity of New York. In 1845-' 6 he laid out the cemetery at Albany, and in 1847 was em- ployed in developing the landscape features of Staten Island. In 1848 he laid out the Protes- tant cemetery at Quebec, and was elected pro- fessor of mathematics and natural philosophy in Hobart college, Geneva, N. Y. DOl'GLASS, Frederick, an American orator and journalist, born at Tuckahoe, near Easton, Tal- bot co., Md., about 1817. His mother was a m-n> slave and his father a white man. He was iv;in-d as a slave on the plantation of Col. Edward Lloyd, until at the age of 10 he was sent to Baltimore to live with a relative of his matter. He secretly taught himself to read and write, was employed in a ship yard, and, in , accordance with a resolution long entertained, i DOURO fled from Baltimore and from slavery Sept. 3, 1838. He made his way to New York and thence to New Bedford, where he married and lived for two or three years, supporting himself by day labor on the wharves and in various workshops. In the summer of 1841 he attend- ed an anti-slavery convention at Nantucket, and made a speech which was so well received that he was offered the agency of the Massa- chusetts anti-slavery society. In this capacity he travelled and lectured through Massachusetts and other New England states for four years. In 1845 he published an autobiography, and soon after its appearance he went to Europe and lectured on slavery to enthusiastic audiences in nearly all the large towns of England, Ire- land, Scotland, and Wales. In 1846 his friends in England contributed 150 to have him reg- ularly manumitted in due form of law. He re- mained two years in Great Britain, and in 1847 he began at Rochester, N. Y., the publication of " The North Star," whose title was changed to "Frederick Douglass's Paper," a weekly jour- nal, which he continued for some years. In 1855 he rewrote and enlarged his autobiography, under the title of " My Bondage and my Free- dom." His supposed implication in the John Brown raid in 1859 led Governor Wise of Vir- ginia to make a requisition for his arrest upon the governor of Michigan, where he then was. In consequence of this Mr. Douglass went to England, and remained six or eight months. He then returned to Rochester, and continued the publication of his paper. When the civil war broke out in 1861 he urged upon President Lincoln the employment of colored troops and the proclamation of emancipation. In 1863, when permission was given to employ such troops, he assisted in procuring men to fill up regiments of them, especially the 54th and 55th Massachusetts. After the abolition of slavery he discontinued his paper and applied himself to the preparation and delivery of lectures be- fore lyceums. In September, 1870, he became editor of the "New National Era" in Wash- ington, which is continued under the care of his sons Lewis and Frederick. In 1871 he was appointed secretary to the commission to Santo Domingo ; and on his return President Grant appointed him one of the territorial council of the District of Columbia. In 1872 he was elected presidential elector at large for the state of New York, and was appointed to carry the electoral vote of the state to Washington. DOUR, a town of Belgium, in the province of Hainault, 9 m. S. W. of Mons ; pop. in 1866, 8,501. It has large iron works and several bleaching grounds, and in the vicinity are coal and iron mines. Weaving and leather dressing are carried on to some extent. DOURO, or Dnero, one of the largest rivers of the Iberian peninsula, rises near Monte Ur- bion, on the northern frontier of the province of Soria in Spain, about 20 m. N. W. of the city of Soria. After following a southeasterly course for about 50m. it makes an abrupt bend