Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VI.djvu/287

DUBAN DUBLIN 279 DUBAN, Jacques Felix, a French architect, born in Paris, Oct. 14, 1797, died at Blois in September, 1870. He studied in the school of fine arts, which in 1823 awarded a prize to his design of a custom house. After spending about five years in Italy, he completed in Paris the palace of the fine arts, which had been be- gun by Debret. He restored the palaces of Blois and Dampierre, and executed many works for the embellishment of the Louvre, of which he was the architect from 1848 to 1854, when he became inspector general of public buildings, and member of the institute. DU BARRY. See BARRY. DUBLIN. I. An E. county of Ireland, in the province of Leinster, bordering on the Irish sea and the counties Meath, Kildare, and Wicklow ; area, exclusive of Dublin city, 348 sq. m., of which 306 are arable; pop. in 1871, including the city, 405,625. It has a coast line, inclu- ding windings, of 70 m., comprising the natural harbors of Dublin bay, Killiney, Malahide, Rogerstown, and Lough Shinney, with har- bors constructed by art at Kingstown, Howth, and Balbriggan. The only river of importance is the Liffey. The county is generally level, but on the southern boundary rises a range of hills, culminating in the peak of Kippure at a height of 2,473 ft. Near these extend the Dublin mountains, the central group of which is 1,000 to 1,200 ft. high ; toward the north are picturesque valleys and cultivated heights, and on the coast are many bold promontories. The geological formation is mostly mountain limestone, bounded S. by a ridge of granite. The soil is shallow, and in general not well adapted to agriculture, but careful drainage and manuring have rendered much of it pro- ductive. The principal crops are wheat, oats, barley, rye, potatoes, and turnips. Grazing and View of Dublin from Pheenix Park. the fisheries form important branches of indus- try. Lead and copper are mined to a small ex- tent at Ballycorus. The manufactures are limit- ed to stockings, cotton, and a few other fabrics. The principal towns, besides the city of Dub- lin, are Kingstown and Rathmines. II. The capital of the county and of Ireland, a muni- cipal and parliamentary borough and seaport, situated at the head of Dublin bay, on both sides of the Liffey, in lat. 53 23' K, Ion. 6 20' W., 292 m. W. 1ST. W. of London and 63 m. W. of Holyhead ; pop. in 1871, with the suburbs, 295,841 ; without the suburbs, 245,722. The Liffey is navigable to the centre of the city, which is divided into two nearly equal por- tions. Its entrance is obstructed by a sand bar, on which at low ebbs there is not more than 9 ft. of water, although in spring tides it has 24 ft. At the mouth of this river in Dub- lin bay lies the harbor, formed by two break- waters, one projecting E. into the bay S. of the river, the other running out from the shore be- yond Clontarf, N. E. of the city, and nearly meeting the former at an angle of 40. The area thus enclosed at high water spring tides is 3,030 acres, and by systematic dredging the channel has been so deepened as to admit vessels of 1,400 tons. The wharves and docks connected with the custom house are exten- sive. There is a lighthouse at the end of the S. breakwater, and in other parts of the bay are two other lights. A harbor of refuge has been constructed at Kingstown. The en- trances at the port in 1871 were 7,286 vessels, tonnage 1,299,644; clearances, 3,745 vessels, tonnage 992,126. The trade of Dublin is chiefly with the midland districts, which it supplies with tea, coffee, sugar, tobacco, tim-