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DUO DUCAREL 285 are also a treasurer, auditor, assessor, recorder, city attorney, and city marshal. The streets are all macadamized, provided with gutters and sidewalks, and lighted with gas, and pure spring water is carried to every part of the city from a reservoir containing 3,000,000 gallons, through 10 m. of mains. The amount in the treasury, March 1, 1872, was $34,252 83 ; receipts for the year ending March 1, 1873, $183,724 12; total, $217,976 95. The disbursements were $205,782 80, including $81,088 40 on principal of debt, $38,685 92 for interest, $7,032 96 for poor relief, $7,378 08 for gas, $27,684 42 for streets, $5,160 84 for fire department, $5,246 20 for water department, and $10,049 56 for salaries. The city debt is about $900,000 ; the assessed value of property about $17,000,000 ; true value, $23,000,000. The schools are under the management of a board of seven directors. There are ten school houses, including one for colored children, and a high school ; number of pupils enrolled in 1873, 2,880 ; average attend- ance, 2,117 ; teachers, 66, of whom 7 are males. The school expenditure in 1872 was $44,132 85, which includes $30,317 75 for teachers' wages. The German theological seminary (Presbyte- rian) in 1872 had 2 professors, 17 students, an endowment of $15,000, and a library of '600 volumes. There are three daily newspapers and five weekly (two German). There are 14 churches, viz. : Congregational, Methodist Episcopal, Universalist, Roman Catholic (3), Lutheran, Dutch Reformed, Presbyterian (2), Episcopal, Christian, Old School Methodist, and one unknown. Dubuque is the oldest set- tlement in the state, and derives its name from Julien Dubuque, a French Canadian, who es- tablished himself here in 1788 ; its permanent settlement, however, dates only from 1833, when the Indian title to the land was extin- guished. It was incorporated as a town in 1837, and in 1840 a city charter was granted. DUC, Joseph Louis, a French architect, born in Paris, Oct. 25, 1802. He entered the school of fine arts in 1821, where he took the grand prize in 1825. With Alavoine he built the column of July, and he was associated with Vaudoyer in the construction of the cathedral of Marseilles. His most noted work is the enlargement and restoration of the palace of justice in Paris, in which he was assisted by Dommey. For this he was awarded by his colleagues of the academy in 1869 the grand prize of 100,000 francs, offered by Napoleon III. in 1864 for the greatest work of painting, sculpture, or architecture which should be produced within the ensuing five years. His prjncipal competitor for the prize was M. Le- fuel, the architect of certain parts of the Lou- vre. Out of the 100,000 francs he paid 40,000 into the treasury of the institute of France, to found an annual prize for the encourage- ment of architecture. DP CAMP, Maxime, a French artist and au- thor, born in Paris, Feb. 8, 1822. On leaving college he travelled extensively in the East in 1844-'5, and again in 1849-'51. During his last journey he made a large collection of pho- tographic negatives of scenes in Egypt, Nubia, Palestine, and Asia Minor, which he has since published in connection with descriptive texts, in several volumes. In 1851 he was one of the five founders of the Revue de Paris, and he contributed to it both in prose and verse until its suspension in 1858. Besides his works of travel in the East, he has published Les chants modernes, poems (8vo, 1855) ; Mes convictions, poems (8vo, 1858) ; En Hollande, lettres a un ami (12rno, 1859) ; Expedition des Deux-Siciles (18mo, 1861) ; Paris, ses organes, sesfonctions et sa vie (1869). The last was contributed to the Revue des Deux Mondes. He has also written several romances. DU CANGE, harles da Fresne, sieur, a French historian and philologist, born in Amiens, Dec. 18, 1610, died in Paris, Oct. 23, 1688. He was educated in the Jesuits' college in his na- tive city, and at the age of 13 spoke and wrote Greek and Latin freely. In 1631 he was ad- mitted as an. advocate before the parliament. But from that time he devoted himself to the study of history, and produced the Glossarium ad Scriptores Medics et Infimm Latinitatis (3 vols. fol., Paris, 1678 ; new and enlarged edi- tion, 7 vols. 4to, 1844). As a companion to this, he published a glossary of the impure Greek of the middle ages (2 vols. fol., 1688). Both are works of the highest value to the student of mediaeval history, and to the former the Benedictines added at different times seven volumes. Du Cange also produced a Traite historique du chef de Saint Jean Baptiste (4to, 1665); an annotated edition of De Joinville's Histoire de Saint Louis IX. (fol., 1668); and Historia Byzantina illustrata (1680). His published works comprise but a small part of his labors. His MSS., the number and amount of which are almost incredible, have been col- lected and catalogued in the university of Paris. A monument was erected to him at Amiens in 1849, and a medal was struck in his honor in 1850. See Essai sur la vie et les ouvrages de Du Cange, by Leon Feugere (Paris, 1852). DUCAREL, Andrew Coltee, an English antiquary, born in Normandy in 1713, died in London, May 29, 1785. He was educated at Eton, and at St. John's college, Oxford, and made a jour- ney to Normandy in 1752, which supplied ma- terials for his " Anglo-Norman Antiquities " (4to, London, 1754; enlarged, fol., 1767). This was received with great favor, and though subsequent researches have proved the inaccu- racy of some of its statements, yet it is still valued for its materials, especially its descrip- tions and representations of some monuments since destroyed. In 1762 he was elected a member of the royal society, and the next year he was appointed, with Sir Joseph Ay- loffe, to put in order the state papers at White- hall. He annually travelled with one of his friends during August, taking with him Cam- den's " Britannia " and a set of maps, and ex-