Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VI.djvu/343

DUYCKINCK laid in 1869 from Brest, France, via St. Pierre. In the S. part of the town is Standish or Cap- tain's hill, 180 ft. high, commanding a fine view of the sea. It was the residence of Miles Standish, to whose memory a monument was erected in 1872. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in commerce, fishing, and ship build- ing. There are 10 schools, including a high school and an academy, and several churches. DUYCKINCK. I. Evert Augustus, an American author, born in New York, Nov. 23, 1816. He is a son of Evert Duyckinck, for many years a leading bookseller and publisher of New York. He graduated at Columbia college in 1835. In 1840 he commenced, with Cornelius Mathews, a monthly periodical entitled "Arcturus," which was continued till 1842. In 1847 he commenced the " Literary World," a weekly critical journal; he withdrew from the editor- ship with the publication of the 12th number, but resumed it on the appearance of the 88th, in connection with his younger brother George; and the periodical remained under their joint management until its discontinuance at the close of 1853. In 1856 the two brothers com- pleted the " Cyclopaedia of American Litera- ture " (2 vols. large 8vo), to which the elder brother added a supplement in 1865. He has also published " The Wit and Wisdom of Syd- ney Smith," with a memoir (1856); "Poems relating to the American Revolution," with memoirs (1865) ; "History of the War for the Union" (3 vols., 1861-'5) ; "National Portrait Gallery of Eminent Americans " (2 vols., 1866) ; " History of the World from the Earliest Pe- riod to the Present Time" (1870); "Memorials of John Allan" (1864); and "Memorials of Francis L. Hawks " (1871). He has also con- tributed largely to periodical literature. II. George Long, brother of the preceding, born in New York, Oct. 17, 1823, died there, March 30, 1863. He graduated at the university of New York in 1843. Besides his share in the editorial conduct of the " Literary World " and in the preparation of the " Cyclopaedia of American Literature," he published "George Herbert of Bemerton" (1858), arid lives of Bishop Thomas Ken (1859), Jeremy Taylor (1860), and Latimer (1861). DUYSE, Prudens van, a Flemish poet, born at Dendermonde about 1805, died in Ghent, Nov. 13, 1859. He was professor of national his- tory in the athenseum of Ghent, and archivist of the city, and contributed to the preservation of the Flemish dialect by his poems. He pub- lished Vaterlandsche poezij (1839), Het Uaver- Uad (1 848), and Dichtbespiegeling (1849). He was also the author of several essays on the history and literature of the Netherlands. DWARACA, Dwarka, or Jigat, a town of Guze- rat, Hindostan, on the coast, near the western extremity of the peninsula of Cattywar, 270 m. W. of Baroda. It is fabled to have been the residence of Krishna, and contains several pagodas, the principal of which is the most celebrated temple of Krishna in India, with 278 VOL. VL 22 DWARF 335 a spire 140 ft. high, consisting of a series of pyramids. It is annually resorted to by 15,000 pilgrims. It contains about 2,500 houses, and has an important trade in chalk. DWARF (Sax. dwerg, dweorg), an animal or a plant that does not attain the ordinary size of its species. A degree of dwarfishness may be the general result of natural causes, as of excessive cold, since both plants and animals diminish in stature toward the poles ; or it may be produced by artificial means. The Chinese have the art of dwarfing trees by diverting the growth from the foliage to the flowers and fruit. ^ The ancients are said to have produced artificial dwarfs of the human race, who were highly esteemed by the Roman matrons for servants. During the middle ages dwarfs shared with fools the favor of courts and of the no- bility, and a salary for the king's dwarf was not abolished in France till the reign of Louis XIV. A race of dwarfs, perhaps the pigmies of the ancients, has been said to exist in the interior of Africa; and Du Chaillu in his "Country of the Dwarfs" gives a curious ac- count of a dwarfish race which he found in equatorial Africa. Symmetrical dwarfs are rare and remarkable phenomena. One of the most noted of those whose history is certain was the Polish gentleman, Count Borowlaski or Boruslawski (1739-1837). At 1 -year of age he was 14 inches high ; at 6, 17 in. ; at 10, 21 in. ; at 15, 25 in. ; at 20, 28 in. ; at 25, 35 in., which was nearly his greatest height. He early displayed wit and grace, and was taken into the family of the countess Humiecka, with whom he frequented the Prussian court. At the age of 40 he married, became a father, and, after giving concerts in the principal cities of Germany, visited England. In London he published his memoirs (8vo, 1788), and he afterward lived in elegant retirement in Dur- ham. In contrast with him was the favorite dwarf of the ex-king Stanislas of Poland, com- monly called B6be (1741-' 64). He was a na- tive of Lorraine, and at 5 years of age was 22 in. high ; at 15, 29 in. ; and at his death, 33 in. His diminutive figure was well formed and justly proportioned till after the age of pu- berty, when his spine curved and he became decrepit. He was once visited by the count Borowlaski, and, having noticed the superiority of the latter in manners and intelligence, watch- ed for an opportunity and attempted to throw his visitor into the fire. The Dutch dwarf, Wy brand Lolkes, born in 1730, possessed me- chanical taste and skill, had success as a watch- maker, and when 60 years of age was 27 in. high and weighed 56 Ibs. Mme. Teresia, called the Corsican fairy from the place of her birth (1743), was remarkable for physical symmetry and beauty, and mental vivacity. She spoke several languages, was charming in conver- sation, and when exhibited in London in 1773 was 34 in. high and weighed 26 Ibs. Jeffery Hudson (1619-'82) was the favorite dwarf of Charles 1. of England. He was a native of