EMIGRATION 575 tures are met by the funds realized from the commutation fund paid by owners or con- signees of emigrant ships, which amounted to $657,072 in 1869, $534,056 in 1870, $372,528 in 1871, $442,429 in 1872, and $402,199 in 1873. The emigrants are not considered or treated as paupers, but as persons requiring temporary aid and protection, for which neither the state nor any community is required to contribute. In 1872-'3 bills were introduced into congress to supersede the Few York commission of emi- gration by a national bureau, thus vesting in the general government all control and regula- tion of this important subject; but the mea- sures met with great opposition from the New York commissioners of emigration and others, and failed. Prior to 1819 no official record was kept of the number and character of the persons coming to the United States from abroad. The extent of the immigration prior to that date has been differently estimated by various authorities. Mr. Lorin Blodget thought the arrivals did not exceed 4,000 a year from 1789 to 1794. Dr. Adam Seybert estimated the number at 6,000 a year from 1790 to 1810. According to Prof. Tucker, whose estimate is confirmed by high authorities, 50,000 arrived from 1790 to 1800, 70,000 from 1800 to 1810 and 114,000 from 1810 to 1820 ; making 234,000 from 1790 to 1820. According to Mr. Young, chief of the United States bureau of statis- tics, the total number of arrivals prior to 1820 was 250,000, of whom 25,000 came be- tween 1776 and 1790. In the following table are indicated the total number of alien passen- gers arriving in the United States in each year since 1820, and the chief countries from which they emigrated : 1,782 3,073 856 851 713 1,002 1,459 2,521 2,735 3,614 1,518 2,267 1,903 2,845 7,727 13,952 17,840 10,594 3,874 8,247 17,767 13,564 34,964 29,897 43,684 40,726 18,065 34.234 42,043 53,960 73,347 582 1,174 2,038 5,361 4,682 68,840 65,365 45.374 76.242 79,340 88,914 4,443 5,074 81675 7,198 7,419 5,006 4,504 8,346 8,155 7,663 10,583 20,040 7,743 5,841 8,009 1,372 20,126 6,763 318 147 1.743 3,517 1,357 1,710 84,066 80,289 104,565 52,496 78,615 114,371 154,416 234,968 226,527 297,024 310,004 59.976 879,466 371,603 368,645 427.833 200,877 200,436 251,800 123,126 121,282 153,640 91.920 91,987 176,282 193,416 249,061 818.494 87,772 51,342 19,670 88,490 44,821 51,752 105,536 112,934 13,727 18.287 11,432 19,226 47,843 64,031 78,932 128,838 148,093 214,530 175,485 89,604 272.740 200,247 200,225 160,253 97,199 29,007 112.840 55,829 61,379 78,374 43,472 47,990 122.799 116,951 112,237 131,620 125,520 107,582 147,716 151,089 143,934 157,905 159,355 8.476 4,455 6,036 5,276 1,521 5,306 30.007 28,867 48,901 38,871 25,904 27,804 14,638 18,826 13,001 8,970 10,947 24,065 2,681 91s 1,190 576 108 35-2 1,719 ,600 1.534 2688 451 173 14 745 1,160 2,343 1.293 8.955 5,699 7,221 7.983 3.019 63,163 14,969 71,322 143,575 140,653 206,054 66,219 63,897 83,798 42,291 89,315 50,746 j 80,169 24.945 221,218 159,548 162,649 105,931 56,382 59,008 70,211 84,410 48,709 60,692 33,274 85,859 96,088 89,442 77,370 8,148 6,006 4,605 5,275 3,297 4.182 1,946 4,163 4,514 2,069 3,275 8,464 1,613 767 657 1,940 3,476 8,037 672 54.379 80,797 110,440 121,240 111.503 124,776 91,163 107,201 155,595 133,141 108,857 59,957 79.030 75,544 61,463 69,761 75,848 1,949 12,415 11,820 12,135 14,565 Total 719,776| 2,907,565 124,3314,319,048 394,2162,663,437 100,988j 88,886 1 231,344 276,187 71,650 41,636:8,808,141
- Years ended Sept. 30. 1 1832 and last quarter of 1831. $ Years ended Dec. 31. First three quarters. ^ Last quarter.
293 VOL. vi. 37
