Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VI.djvu/585

EMIGRATION 577 emigrants arriving in the United States from 1820 to Jan. 1, 1874, are shown in the follow- ing table, compiled by the United States bureau of statistics : OCCUPATIONS. 1820-'30. 1831-'40. 1841-'60. 1851-'60. 1861-'73. Aggregate. 10280 53169 281 229 527 639 785464 Farmers 15005 88 240 256 880 404'?12 318484 1 088 271 Mechanics, not specified ^ 6,805 5ti 5S2 164,411 179 726 1 70 113 583 687 19484 41 881 46888 1<?4 149 113 870 845722 Servants 1 327 2571 24538 2l'o58 130 340 179 834 Miners 841 868 1 735 87 528 70 960 110 927 Mariners 4,995 8004 6398 10 087 23 624 53 108 Clerks 882 l'l43 1 065 '792 22197 25979 2937 6 600 1 803 717 6 945 18502 805 l'959 2116 2229 8 766 10 875 Seamstresses, dressmakers, and milliners 413 1 672 2096 1065 5787 11 033 415 '932 1 559 1 420 4 118 8444 Bakers 583 569 ' 28 92 10*247 11 519 Artists 189 513 1 223 615 8981 6441 329 432 76 108 8 805 9 750 Tailors. 983 2252 65 834 11/871 14505 Shoemakers 1 109 1 966 63 336 10(560 14134 175 107 1 833 1 005 1 917 6087 Lawyers . 244 461 '831 1 140 1 861 4,537 Masons 793 1435 24 ' 58 15235 17545 226 811 654 825 4 001 6017 Teachers. 275 267 882 154 3 096 4624 Millers 199 189 33 210 2286 2917 Painters 232 369 8 38 4056 4703 Printers 179 472 14 40 1 395 2100 Musicians 140 165 230 188 2079 2808 1S8 87 233 85 403 991 Hatters 187 114 t 4 3.155 641 Other occupations 5466 4004 2892 18884 67842 94048 Occupations not stated, and without occupation 101,442 363,252 969,411 1,544,494 2,395,612 5,624,211 Total 176 473 640086 1 768 175 2 874 687 4 206 350 9 665 771 Deduct citizens of the United States 24 (UQ 40 961 54,924 276 478 '460 623 857680 Aliens 151,824 599,125 1,713,251 2,598,214 3,745,727 8,808,141 In respect of nationality, more than half of those having arrived are British, coming from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ire- land and the British possessions in North Amer- ica, and speaking the English language. The German element is next in magnitude, and em- braces nearly two thirds of the remainder. A large proportion settle in rural districts and develop the agricultural resources of the west and south, while the remainder, consisting largely of artisans and skilled workmen, find employment in the cities and manufacturing towns. About 25 per cent, of the emigrants are under 15 years of age, and less than 15 per cent, over 40, leaving more than 60 per cent, in the prime of life. The number of males is largely in excess of that of females, the ra- tio varying with the nationality. Among the Chinese only about 7 per cent, are females, while their ratio among the Irish is over 45 per cent., and in the total number of emigrants about 40 per cent. For several centuries there has been a great emigration from China to the surrounding countries, both by sea and land. Vast multitudes of Chinese have settled in Tartary, Thibet, Anam, Siam, Burmah, Malac- ca, and in Borneo, Java, Sumatra, the Philip- pine islands, and in short everywhere in the East Indian archipelago. But of these emi- grants there are no accurate statistics. Of late years they have made their way in consider- able numbers to Australia ; and in 1853, at- tracted by the gold of California, they began to come to the United States, and their immi- gration has attained a magnitude worthy of at- tention. The whole number who had arrived up to Jan. 1, 1874, was 144,328, nearly all of whom entered at San Francisco. Most of them have settled in California, where they are oc- cupied chiefly in mining pursuits ; but many have found their way to Nevada and some of the territories, and a few to the Atlantic and some of the other states. Nearly one half of all who have arrived have returned to their native country. According to the census of 1870, there were 63,199 Chinese in the United States, of whom only 4,566 were females ; there were 49,277 in California, 4,274 in Idaho, 3,330 in Oregon, 3,152 in Nevada, and 1,949 in Mon- tana. The number of arrivals, according to the United States bureau of statistics, is given be- low ; those prior to 1855 are differently report- ed by another authority in the article CHINA : YEARS. No. of Im- migrants. YEARS. No. of Im- migrants. 42 1865 2.942 1854 13100 1866 2,885 1855 3526 1867 3,863 If 06 4,733 1868 10,684 1857 5!)44 1869 14,902 1S5S. . .. 1859 5,123 3.457 1870 Ib71 11.943 6,039 1860 5467 1872 10,642 1861 7.518 1S78 18,154 1862 1 8C>8 3,633 7,214 Total 144,328 1864 2,795 The Chinese emigration to the United States has been characterized by an organized sys- tem which is not found in the emigration from any European nation. The latter, as has been