Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VI.djvu/609

ENGHIEN every summer to Italian shepherds. The na- tives speak the dialect called Roman sh. ENGHIEN, Lonis Antoine Henri de Bourbon, duke d', a French prince, of the Conde family, born in Chantilly, Aug. 2, 1772, executed at Vin- cennes, March 21, 1804. He received an ex- cellent education, served under his grandfather, Prince Louis Joseph, at the outbreak of the revolution in 1789, and accompanied his father and grandfather into exile. He bore arms against revolutionary France in the famous corps of royalist emigrants commanded by his grandfather, and distinguished himself by bra- very and humanity to his prisoners. On the disbanding of the corps in 1801 he fixed his residence at a chateau near Ettenheim, Baden, being impelled to that choice, it is said, by his affection for the princess Charlotte de Rohan, who lived in Ettenheim, and to whom he was perhaps secretly married. Though it does not appear that he took part in any subsequent plots against the first consul, he was generally looked upon as a leader of the emigres, and was suspected of complicity in the attempt of Cadoudal to take Bonaparte's life. The re- ports of spies gave some color to these sur- mises, for it appeared that he was frequently absent for 10 or 12 days together, at which times it was supposed that he secretly visited Paris. It was thought that an unknown per- son who had been seen to visit Cadoudal at Paris, but who afterward proved to be Piche- gru, could be none other than the young duke. Anxious to terrify the royalists, and to put a stop to their attempts upon his life, Bonaparte resolved to seize and execute the duke, and ENGLAND 597 sent Gen. Ordener with 300 gendarmes to make the capture. The soldiers surrounded the chateau on the night of March 15, 1804, ar- rested the duke in his bed, and conducted him immediately to Strasburg, whence he was re- moved on the 18th to the fortress of Vincennes. He had received warning from Talleyrand and from the king of Sweden, through his minister at Carlsruhe, but his escape had been prevented by the delay of the Austrian authorities in for- warding a passport. The prisoner reached Vincennes on the evening of the 20th, and a few hours afterward a court martial, presided over by Gen. Hullin, assembled in the fortress. A mock trial was gone through, and, without the examination of witnesses or written testi- mony, the duke was found guilty on various charges of treason, and at once led out to exe- cution. His requests to see the first consul and to be allowed a confessor were denied. He was shot by torchlight between 4 and 5 o'clock A. M., in the ditch outside the walls, and his body was thrown, dressed as it was, into a grave which had been dug the day before. Bonaparte and his chief instruments took every pains to justify their conduct, and it has never been known who of them was most guilty. ENGLAND (Lat. Anglia ; Fr. Angleterre), a country of Europe, forming with Wales the southern, larger, and more important division of the island of Great Britain, and the princi- pal member of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. This division is bounded N. by Scotland, E. by the North sea, S. by the English channel, separating it from France by distances increasing westward from 21 m. at Great Seal of England. the strait of Dover to 100 m., S. W. by the Atlantic, and W. by St. George's channel and the Irish sea, dividing it from Ireland, and hav- ing an average width of about 90 m. It lies between lat. 49 57' and 55 46' N., and Ion. 1 46' E. and 5 45' W. ; its greatest length N. and S. is 365 m., and its greatest breadth 280 m. Its shape bears some resemblance to a tri- angle, the apex being at Berwick-on-Tweed, the northernmost point in England, and the extremities of the base at the South Foreland, near Dover, and the Land's End, at the S. "W. point of Cornwall. The distance in a direct line from Berwick to the South Foreland is