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ENGLAND the English Literature and Language" (Lon- don, 1861) ; Morley's " English Writers " (Lon- don, 1864-7) and " First Sketch of English Literature" (1873); Skeat's "Specimens of English Literature from 1394 to 1579" (Ox- ford, 1871). Among brief manuals are Shaw's " Authors of English Literature " (London, 1848) ; Spalding's " History of English Litera- ture " (New York, 1853) ; T. Arnold's " Manual of English Literature " (London, 1869) ; Day's "Introduction to the Study of English Litera- ture" (New York, 1869); Minto's "Manual of English Prose Literature " (Edinburgh and London, 1872) ; and Hart's " Manual of Eng- lish Literature" (Philadelphia, 1872). In 1864 appeared Taine's Histoire de la litterature anglaise (5 vols., Paris), exhibiting a compre- hensive grasp and keen analysis especially re- markable as the work of a foreigner. It was translated by H. Van Laun and published in Edinburgh and republished in New York in 1871 (2 vols. 8vo). ENGLAND, John, first Roman Catholic bishop of Charleston, S. C., born in Cork, Ireland, Sept. 23, 1786, died in Charleston, April 11, 1842.' He entered the college of Carlo w in 1803, and while there founded a female peni- tentiary and poor-schools for both sexes. He was ordained priest Oct. 9, 1808, and appoint- ed lecturer at the North chapel in Cork, and chaplain of the prisons. In the following May he commenced the publication of a monthly magazine called the " Religious Repertory." In 1812 he became president of the theological college of St. Mary, in which he also lectured on divinity. About the same time he exert- ed himself to put down bribery at elections, and in the "Repertory" attacked the existing system of criminal jurisprudence, and opposed the purchasing of Catholic emancipation by concessions to the English government. His boldness brought him before the courts, and on one occasion he was fined 500. He found- ed several religious and charitable institutions in Cork, and in 1817 was made parish priest of Brandon. In 1820 he was appointed bishop of the new diocese of Charleston, S. C., com- prising the states of North and South Carolina and Georgia, with a scattered Catholic popu- lation of about 8,000, and only four priests, and arrived there in December. Here he established an academy and a theological semi- nary, in both of which he taught, supporting the latter institution by the revenue from the former. He founded an anti-duelling associa- tion, visited every part of his diocese, had spe- cial services in the cathedral for the negroes, and established the "Charleston Catholic Mis- cellany," the first Roman Catholic paper pub- lished in America. In 1826 he preached be- fore the senate at Washington. In 1832 he spent some time in Rome, when the pope ap- pointed him apostolic legate to Hayti. He vis- ited that island twice, and made voyages to Europe in 1833, 1836, and 1841. His learning, ability, and high moral character, and above ENGLISH 647 all his heroism during a season of yellow fever, gave him a high standing in Charleston ; and the spectacle was sometimes witnessed of the Catholic bishop preaching on Sunday in a Protestant church to a Protestant congrega- tion. He left many writings, most of which appeared in the periodical press. A complete edition of his works was prepared by Bishop Reynolds (5 vols. 8vo, Baltimore, 1849). ENGLISH, George Bethnne, an American author and adventurer, born in Cambridge, Mass., March 7, 1787, died in Washington, D. C., Sept. 20, 1828. He graduated at Harvard college in 1807, and was admitted to the bar in Boston, but subsequently studied divinity at Cambridge. In 1813 he published "The Grounds of Christianity Examined," a work in favor of Judaism, which was answered by Edward Everett, and by S. Cary. English subsequently edited a western newspaper, and sailed to the Mediterranean as a lieutenant of marines, but resigned his commission, and is said to have professed Mohammedanism. He accepted a commission in the army of Ismail Pasha in 1820, and served as an officer of artillery in an expedition against Sennaar. He afterward became an agent of the Ameri- can government in the Levant, returned to America in 1827, and took up his residence in Washington. He wrote replies to Mr. Eve- rett and Mr. Cary ; a letter to W. E. Chan- ning regarding his two sermons on infidelity (1813) ; and a "Narrative of the Expedition to Dongola and Sennaar" (London, 1822; Bos- ton, 1823). ENGLISH, Thomas Dunn, an American author, born in Philadelphia, June 29, 1819. He re- ceived the degree of M. D. from the univer- sity of Pennsylvania in 1839, and was called to the bar in 1842. He has been connected with journals in New York and elsewhere, edited magazines, and taken part at various times in politics. He is the author of several novels, mostly pseudonymous, and more than 20 successful dramas. Only three of the nov- els were acknowledged : " Walter Woolfe " (1844), "MDCCCXLIV., or the Power of the S. F.," a political expose, and "Ambrose Fecit" (1867); and of the dramas only one, "The Mormons," which has been printed and is still occasionally represented. Dr. English is best known by his " Ben Bolt," a popular song, which appeared in the New York " Mirror " in 1842, and his " Gallows-Goers," a rough but vigorous poem, of which hundreds of thousands of copies were circulated during the agitation of the question of capital punishment from 1845 to 1850. He printed a collection of his poems in New York in 1855, but suppressed its publication. In 1856 he established his residence in New Jersey, near New York, where he has since practised as a physician. He has represented his district in the New Jersey legislature. Of late years his literary work has been confined mainly to a series of poems illustrating the revolutionary history