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706 ERDMANN EREGLI picturesque descriptions of the scenes familiar to them. The pleasures of Parisian life have never weaned them from the love of their coun- try, and they are said to have built up in the heart of Paris a little Pfalzburg, where they cherish the customs and foster the traditions of their native home. They are strong repub- licans, and their later writings breathe a spirit which has done much to disabuse the French people of their love for imperialism. Their principal works, besides those already men- tioned, are : Contes fantastiques (1860) ; Con- tesde lamontagne (1860) ; Maitre Daniel Rock (1861) ; Contes des lords du Rhin (1862) ; Vin- vasion, ou le fou Yegof (1862) ; Le joueur de clarinette, &c. (1863) ; Madame Therese (18Q3) ; L*ami Fritz (1864) ; Histoire d'un conscrit de 1813 (1864); Waterloo (1865); Histoire d'un homme du peuple (1865); La inaison fores- tiere (1866); La guerre (1866); Le Hocus (1867) ; Histoire d'un paysan (1868) ; Le Juif polonais, a play successfully brought out at the theatre of Cluny (1869) ; Le plebiscite (1872) ; and Les deux freres (1873). Many of these stories have been translated in England and the United States. Le plebiscite appeared in England in 1872 under the title " The Story of the Plebiscite, related by one of the 7,500,- 000 who voted 'Yes;'" and in this country as "A Miller's Story of the War" (1872). ERDMANN, Johann Ednard, a German phi- losopher, born at Molmar, Livonia, June 13, 1805. He studied theology at the university of Dorpat, afterward attended the lectures of Schleiermacher and Hegel at Berlin for two years, and returning in 1828 to his native place, became pastor and first preacher there. In 1832 he again went to Berlin, and in 1836 was appointed professor of philosophy at Halle. He has published numerous works on psychol- ogy, logic, and metaphysics, dreams, the history of philosophy, &c. The most important is Versuch einer wissenschaftlichen Darstellung der Geschichte der neuern PJiilosopliie (3 vols., Leipsic, 1834-'51). ERDMANN, Otto Linne, a German chemist, born in Dresden, April 11, 1804, died in Leipsic, Oct. 9, 1869. He was professor at the univer- sity of Leipsic from 1830 till his death. He was particularly famous as the founder of Erd- mann's Journal fur pralctische Chemie (1834), to which he contributed numerous valuable ar- ticles. The laboratory established by him in Leipsic was in its day one of the best in Ger- many, and he was one of the most successful and popular teachers in Europe. He published several books, including Lehrbuch der Chemie and Orundriss der Waarenkunde, which passed through many editions. He devoted much time to the chemical analysis of indigo and other dyestuffs, and his writings embodying the results of his investigations are not only useful to men of science, but also to merchants, EREBUS, one of the oldest gods of the Greeks and Romans, son of Chaos and Night. He was changed into a river, into which he had been precipitated for having assisted the Titans. The term Erebus was frequently applied to a portion of the pagan inferno, a dark and gloomy space beneath the earth, through which the souls of the just passed on their way to en- joy the eternal and delightful life of Elysium. ERECHTHEUS, or Eridithonius, a fabulous hero of Attica, or according to some later writers the name of two persons, one the grandson of the other. Homer describes Erechtheus as an autochthon and king of Athens, and the son of Gsea (Earth) ; he was educated by Minerva. The one whom Apollodorus mentions under this name was the son of Vulcan and Atthis. Mi- nerva, who reared him secretly, gave him in a chest to Pandrosos and her sisters, who, open- ing it from curiosity, saw in it a serpent, were seized with madness, and threw them- selves down the Acropolis or into the sea. Having expelled Amphictyon, he became king of Attica, established the festival of the Pana- thensea, and founded on the Acropolis the tem- ple which after him was called the Erechtheum. By his wife Pasithea he was the father of Pan- dion. He is said to have decided the dispute between Minerva and Neptune for the posses- sion of Attica in favor of the goddess, and to have introduced the use of chariots with four horses, for which he was set among the stars as Auriga. The myths connected with the life of the second Erechtheus, the son of Pandion by Zeuxippe, are the Eleusinian war, the sacri- fice of one of his daughters, and the suicide of the three others in consequence of a response of the oracle, and his being killed by Jupiter with a flash of lightning at the request of Nep- tune. The Erechtheus of Diodorus came from Egypt to Athens with grain in time of famine, was made king, and established the Eleusinian festivals. Another Erechtheus, the son of Dar- danus and father of Tros in Ilium, is fabled as the richest of mortals, in whose fields grazed 3,000 beautiful mares. EREGLI, or Erekli (anc. Heracled), a seaport town of Asia Minor, in the vilayet of Kasta- rnuni, on the Black sea, 128 m. E. by N. of Constantinople ; pop. about 5,000. It has a good harbor, and exports timber, silk, wax, linen, and coal, in exchange for colonial pro- duce, tobacco, and iron. Ship building is car- ried on to some extent. A few traces are found here of the ancient Heraclea, which was one of the principal towns of Bithynia. Near by is a coal field extending for about 80 m. E. and W. along the shore of the Black sea, and 5 or 6 m. inland. The coal mines are worked under the direction of English en- gineers, yielding large supplies for steamers and gas works at Constantinople. There are two other towns of the same name : one in the vilayet and 90 m. E. S. E. of the city of Konieh, in Asiatic, and the other in the vilayet of Edir- neh (Adrianople), 55 m. W. of Constantinople, in European Turkey. The latter has a harbor on the sea of Marmora, and is the see of a Greek bishop.