Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VI.djvu/807

EUROPE 787 and Burgundians in Gaul (France); Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Frisians in Britain. In Italy, Spain, and France, the conquerors were mostly assimilated to the nations whom they had found there, and by their admixture with them the present so-called Latin or Romanic race was produced. In Britain, the invaders drove the original inhabitants into Wales, Corn- wall, and Cumberland, but were in their turn invaded by Normans and French in the llth century ; and the admixture of all these differ- ent elements, Celtic, Anglo-Saxon, and Norman, gradually produced the present English race. In Spain, the Teutonic tribes were overrun by Arabs in the 8th century, and did not recover possession of the whole country for nearly eight centuries. In the southeast the Hellenic race became during the middle ages largely mixed with the Slavic, while around the lower course of the Danube an intermix- ture of the ancient Dacians with a Roman col- ony produced the present Rouman or Wal- lach race. Toward the end of the 9th century an TTgric race settled in the ancient Pannonia, where they remain to the present day under the names of Magyars and Szeklers in Hungary and Transylvania. Of the Tartars who under Genghis Khan entered Europe in the 13th cen- tury, and kept possession of a large portion of Russia till the end of the 15th century, some descendants still remain in the south of that empire. The Osmanli, another branch of the Mongolian race, invaded Europe in the 14th century, and have ever since kept possession of the S. E. corner of the continent. By mingling freely with western nations they have lost many characteristic features of the Mongolian stock. The population of Europe, which can now be estimated with accuracy, owing to the fact that official censuses are taken in all countries of the continent, amounted in 1872, according to the best authorities, to about 301,000,000, or about 80 to the square mile. Its distribution between the E. and W. portions is very un- equal, the average population on a square mile being about 34 in Russia, which occu- pies the eastern half of the continent, and about 125 in the west. "With the exception of the three free cities in Germany, the canton of Geneva, and Malta, the greatest density of population prevails in Belgium (447); then follow in order the Netherlands (279), Great Britain and Ireland (263), Italy (234), Ger- many (197), France (177), Switzerland (167), Austria (149), Denmark (121), Portugal (117), Spain (85), Turkey (80), Greece (75), Russia (34), Sweden (27), and Norway (15). The average natural increase per annum of the population varies from 0-5 to 1'43 per cent. It is 1-43 per cent, in Great Britain, 1-16 in Prus- sia, 0-6 in all Germany, 0'59 in France. Ireland is the only country in which there has been of late a steady decrease of population. There were in Europe in 1872, in all, 67 cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants to each. The following table exhibits in round figures the comparative numbers of different races amon* the present population of Europe : I. INDO-EUROPEAN OB ARYAN FAMILY 1. Graeco-Latin races. a. Greeks ftnwnrtn ft. Latin nations. 8 ' 000 ' 000 a. Italians 27 000 Mft p. Eluetians (in SwHzerland, ' ' Tyrol,&c.) looooo y. French (including the Pro- vencals) 87,000,000 fi. Spaniards and Portuguese.. 19,000,000 e. Eoumans 8,000,000 2. Celtic race. a. Celts in the British isles ... 6 500 000 ft. Celts in Brittany 8. Germanic or Teutonic races. a. Germans, Dutch, and Flemings. 56,000000 ft. Scandinavians (Danes, Norwe- gians, Swedes, Icelanders).. 8,000,000 c. English (Anglo-Saxons) ........ 28,600,000 4. Slavic races. a. Russians (including Buthe- nians,&c.) .................. 57,000,000 & Poles ......................... 11,000,000 c. Wends ........................ 150,000 d. Czechs and Slovaks ............ 7000000 e. Illyro-Serbs (Serbs, Croats, Sla- vons, Dalmatians, Slovens, Bosnians, Herzegovinians, Montenegrins) .............. 7,500,000 /. Bulgarians .................... 5,000,000 94,100,000 7,500,000 87,500,000 5. Letts and Lithuanians 6. Caucasian races. a. Georgians, Armenians, &c. . . 87,650,000 8,000,000 ft. Caucasian tribes.., 1,500,000 1,000,000 7. Albanians 8. Basques 9. Gypsies and scattered inhabitants of Indian race Indo-European family II. SEMITIC FAMILY. 1. Jews 2. Arabs (Moors and Maltese) 2,500,000 1,500.000 800,000 250,000 284,800,000 5,000.000 100,000 Semitic family. 5,100,000 III. MONGOLIAN OR TURANIAN FAMILY. 1. Tchudic branch of the Finnic race. a. Finns proper 1,500,000 ft. Esthonians 500,000 c. Lapps, Tchuds 50,000 2. Magyars (including Szeklers) 8. Turks. a. Osmanli 1,750,000 ft. Mixed Turkish and Tartar peo- ples 1,000,000 4. Minor tribes (Samoyeds, Votiaks, Mordvins, &c.) 2.050.000 5,500,000 2,750,000 1,500,000 Mongolian family 11,800.000 Grand total 801,700,000 For the classification of the languages, which almost closely correspond to the races and peo- ples enumerated in the table, see AKYAN LAN- GUAGES, ETHNOLOGY, SLAVIC RACE AND LAN- GUAGES, and TURANIAN RACE AND LANGUAGES. With the exception of China proper, the physical culture of no other part of the world is so much developed as that of Europe. Of the total area, 20 or 23 per cent, is non-pro- ductive, being either lakes, rivers, swamps, rocks, or occupied by buildings, or, like the ex- treme northern portion, unfit for human habi-