Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VI.djvu/809

EUROTAS are in the whole history of Europe scarcely any two succeeding generations during which this idea has been realized. There has always been an almost continuous shifting of bounda- ries irrespective of nationalities, and there is not one of the great powers that does not hold in subjection portions of other nationalities. According to Kolb (Handbuch der verglei- chenden Statistik, 1871), the yearly revenue of all the European states is $1,712,000,000, of which sum $764,000,000 belongs to the Teutonic states, $579,000,000 to the Latin or Romanic states, $292,000,000 to Russia, $73,- 000,000 to Turkey and its dependencies, and $4,380,000 to Greece. The average of rev- enue is: 'in Great Britain $9 71 per head, in France $8 73, in Austria $5 26, in Germany $4 08, in Switzerland $4 12 (the lowest pro- portion in all Europe). The public debt of all European states amounted before 1850 to $9,264,240,000, of which sum over $6,000,- 000,000 was the public debt of the five great powers. But since then the extraordinary ex- penditure caused by the Crimean war of 1854- '6, the Franco-Sardinian war against Austria in 1859, the German-Italian war of 1866, and the Franco-Prussian war of 1870-'71, has in- creased the debt to near $17,136,000,000. The paper currency of Europe amounted about 1850 to $846,000,000, but within the last 20 years it has been so largely increased that its aggregate amount undoubtedly con- siderably exceeds $1,000,000,000. The amount of coin was approximately stated at $1,700,- 000,000 in 1850. The military establishments of Europe include in time of peace about 2,500,000 men, kept at an expense of more than $580,000,000. The proportion of the principal powers is : Germany, 420,000 ; Aus- tria, 280,000; Great Britain (including the army in India), 250,000; France, 400,000; Russia, 600,000 ; Italy, 200,000 ; Spain, 200,- 000; Turkey and dependencies, 160,000. The navies of Europe consist of over 3,000 vessels, carrying over 30,000 guns, with 200,000 men, at a yearly expenditure of over $125,000,000. EUROTAS, the ancient name of a river of Greece, in Laconia, which rises in the moun- tains on the borders of Arcadia, about lat. 37 15' N"., Ion. 22 15' E., and, pursuing a general S. E. course, between the mountain ranges of Taygetus (now Pentedactylo) and Parnon (Ma- levo), empties into the gulf of Laconia. Its only tributary of consequence is the (Enus (Kelesina), which joins it about a mile above the site of ancient Sparta. The Spartans ren- dered to the Eurotas divine honors. In modern times it has borne the names of Iri and Vasili. EURYDICE. I. In Greek mythology, the wife of Orpheus. She died from the bite of a ser- pent, and her husband followed her into the infernal regions, where Pluto, charmed by the lyre of Orpheus, gave him permission to take her back to earth, on condition that he would not look behind him while ascending. But, overcome by love or doubt, he glanced back at EUSEBIUS 789 her as they were about to pass the bounds of Hades, and saw her disappearing. (See OR- PHEUS.) II. The daughter of Amyntas, son of Perdiccas III., king of Macedon, and of Cynane, daughter of Philip. On the death of Antipa- ter in 319 B. C., she assembled an army and advanced against Polysperchon, who had suc- ceeded him as regent. The presence of Olym- pias, the mother of Alexander, with the army of the latter, decided the contest against Eury- dice, who was captured and thrown into prison, where she hanged herself. Several others of the name are mentioned in ancient history. _ EUSEBIUS, surnamed PAMPHILI, an ecclesias- tical writer of the early church, born in Pales- tine about 265, died about 340. But little is known of his youth, save that he began his studies in Antioch, then visited the Thebaid, where he spent some time in completing his knowledge of Scripture and theology, after which he opened a school at Caesarea. A splendid library founded or much enlarged by the bishop Pamphilus, his protector, enabled Eusebius to collect vast treasures of erudition. In the persecution of Diocletian (303) he fled from the city, but soon returned for the pur- pose of ministering to the wants of Pamphi- lus, who had been cast into prison, and was in 309 put to death. Eusebius assumed his name in memory of their friendship. Pauli- nus, bishop of Tyre, next gave him an asylum, but persecution drove him into Egypt, where he suffered imprisonment until the abdication of Diocletian set him free, and allowed him to return to Csesarea, of whose church he be- came bishop in 315. About this time some points of resemblance between his theological views on the Trinity and those of the heresi- arch Arius caused him to contract a friendship for the latter. At the council of Nice he sat at Constantino's right hand, and made the first draft of the Nicene creed. ^ He subscribed the solemn profession of faith in the divinity of the Son, with a reservation founded on a confusion of the eternal birth of the Logos with the temporal birth of the incarnate "Word, but he refused peremptorily to subscribe the decrees condemnatory of the Arian doctrine. A letter which he addressed to his diocesans after the council in explanation of his position and his views, together with his unremitting exertions in favor of Arius, caused him to be accused of heresy. His formulas and termi- nology continued to be employed by the Semi- Arians long after he had himself given expres- sion to more orthodox opinions in his work De Ecclesiastica Theologia. In the long Arian controversies subsequent to the council of Nice he was the uncompromising opponent of Athanasius. He prevailed on the emperor to convene a council in 331 in Csesarea, before which Athanasius was summoned, but refused to appear, and was accused by Eusebius of dis- obedience to the laws of the empire, fluence with Constantine caused a second coun- cil to be assembled in Tyre in 335, in which