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FAULK FAUEIEL 95 terpoise to the German Zollverein. Among his remarkable earlier efforts were an essay in the Revue des Deux Mondes on the relations of property in France, and a pamphlet in 1838 on prison reform. His principal work, Etudes sur V Angleterre, a description of the social, industrial, and political institutions of England, appeared in 1845. FAULK, a S. E. central'county of Dakota ter- ritory, recently formed, and not included in the census of 1870; area, about 900 sq. m. It is drained by the North fork of Dakota or James river, and consists largely of table land. FAOfS, in Roman mythology, rural divinities, descended from Faunus, king of Latium, who introduced into that country the worship of the gods and the labors of agriculture. The poets ascribed to them horns, and the figure of a goat below their waist, but made them gayer and less hideous than the satyrs. .Fauns, like satyrs, were introduced upon the ancient stage in comic scenes. The cabalistic mythol- ogy also admits the existence of fauns, whom it regards as imperfect creatures. It supposes that God had created their souls, but, sur- prised by the sabbath, had not time to finish their bodies. Hence these unfinished beings seek to shun the sabbath, on which day they retire to the deepest solitudes of the forests. FAUNTLEROY, Henry, an English forger, born in London about 1784, executed there, Nov. 30, 1824. He early joined the London bank- ing house of Marsh, Stracey, and co., and about 1814 began a system of forgeries involving about 400,000, though the bank of England prosecuted him only for 170,000. Among his papers was a most business-like statement, drawn up by his own hand as a private mem- orandum, containing a list of transactions to the amount of 120,000, with the names of the persons whom he had defrauded by selling the stocks they had deposited with him, through forged powers of attorney ; and the conclu- sive plainness of this statement led to his con- viction. The interval of ten years between the beginning and the detection of his crime has been ascribed to his presumed integrity, and to the fact of his forgeries having been committed upon funded property and not upon bills of exchange, including an amount of 200,000 that belonged to his own wards, which he drew by means of forged documents. Uosides, he had no accomplices, and all the transactions were confined to England, and chiefly to London. Fauntleroy was the last forger hanged in England, capital punishment for forgery having been finally abolished in 1832. FAUQUIER, a N. E. county of Virginia, bound- N. W. by the Blue Eidge, and S. W. by the Rappahannock river and one of its branch- es ; area, 680 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 19,960, of whom 7,856 were colored. It has a diversified surface, a productive soil, and is rich in minerals. There are several gold mines which have been worked with profit, and beds of magnesia and soapstone have been discovered. It is traversed 314 VOL. vii. 7 by the Orange, Alexandria, and Manassas rail- road and branches. The chief productions in 1870 were 269,952 bushels of wheat, 824,947 of Indian corn, 180,591 of oats, 37,010 of po- tatoes, 6,611 tons of hay, 194,986 Ibs. of Gut- ter, and 39,493 of wool. There were 5,811 horses, 5,325 milch cows, 15,208 other cattle, 12,137 sheep, and 14,289 swine; 19 flour and 2 saw mills, 6 tanneries, and 6 currying estab- lishments. Capital, Warrenton. FAURE, Jean Baptiste, a French vocalist, born at Moulins, Jan. 15, 1830. He first appeared at the Ope>a Comique in 1852, and in 1857 became professor at the conservatory, -where he had been educated. In 1861 he made his first appearance at the Grand Opera, and he has since acquired great reputation as a bari- tone singer, his voice being both powerful and sweet. He is most admired in Mozart's Don Juan, Meyerbeer's Africaine, Thomas's Ham- let, and as Mephistopheles in Gounod's Faust, in which he excels as a basso. He married in 1860 CONSTANCE CAEOLINE LEFEBVRE, born in Paris, Dec. 21, 1828. Having at an early age become acquainted with Auber, she was induced by him to cultivate her voice at the conserva- tory, where she gained a prize in 1842. She first performed at the Ope>a Comique in 1852, gradually rising to distinction by her pleasant and well trained voice and sprightly acting. Her best parts were in the Val d'Andorre, the jfitoile du Nord, and kindred operas. In 1863 she performed in Mendelssohn's Lisbetli at the Thlatre Lyrique, but has since retired from the stage. FAURIEL, Claude Charles, a French historian and critic, born in St. "Etienne, Oct. 21, 1772, died in Paris, July 15, 1844. After receiving a good education he entered the army in 1793, served under La Tour d'Auvergne, and became secretary to Gen. Dugommier; but after a year's service he returned to St. Etienne, where he received a civil appointment. Subsequently he was private secretary to Fouche", minister of police, but resigned in 1802 when he saw Napoleon about to be made consul for life. He had in the mean while contracted literary tastes and friendships. He studied Arabic with De Sacy, and was one of the first Euro- peans to learn Sanskrit ; gathered a multitude of facts as to the less known tongues, as the Basque, Gallic, and Old German ; wrote trans- lations from the Danish poet Baggesen, and the Italian poets Manzoni and Berchet ; collect- ed materials for a history of stoicism, which he never finished ; and translated many Greek songs. From 1824 to 1826 he resided in Italy, studying oriental languages, and soon after- ward founded, in connection with other orien- talists, the Asiatic society. In 1830 he was appointed professor of foreign literature in the faculty of letters at Paris. This chair, which was created for him by the duke de Broglie, he filled for nearly 14 years, lecturing on com- parative philology, the origin of the French and Italian languages, ancient and mediaeval poetry.