Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VII.djvu/109

FAYETTE 101 boundary, and the other known as Chestnut ridge, a branch of the Alleghanies, traversing the central part. The rest of the surface is mostly undulating. The soil is fertile in the N. W. part, but elsewhere is better adapted to pasturage than to tillage. Iron and bituminous coal are abundant. It is intersected by the national road, and accessible by steamboats on the Monongahela. The Pittsburgh and Oon- nellsville railroad passes through it. The chief productions in 1870 were 302,536 bushels of wheat, 22,768 of rye, 824,268 of Indian corn, 633,897 of oats, 79,665 of potatoes, 35,725 tons of hay, 691,623 Ibs. of butter, and 287,752 of wool. There were 8,318 horses, 8,404 milch cows, 15,799 other cattle, 65,261 sheep, and 15,852 swine ; 20 manufactories of carriages and wagons, 1 of cars, 1 of cement, 4 of bricks, 13 of clothing, 7 of coke, 13 of barrels and casks, 4 of window glass, 9 of iron and products of the same, 3 of machinery, 12 of saddlery and harness, 4 of woollen goods, 1 ship building and repairing establishment, 3 planing mills, 13 saw mills, 7 distilleries, 13 tanneries, 4 currying establishments, and 21 flour mills. Capital, Uniontown. II. A S. central county of West Virginia, bounded N. by the Gauley river, and N. E. by Meadow river ; area, 770 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 6,647, of whom 118 were colored. It has a mountainous surface, with several con- siderable elevations, the highest of which are Gauley and Sewell mountains. Near the Ka- nawha or New river, which intersects the county, is a remarkable cliff, 1,000 ft. high, called Marshall's pillar. The scenery of the county is exceedingly picturesque ; the soil is generally good, and among the highlands par- ticularly there are many open tracts of remark- able fertility. Iron ore is the principal mineral. The chief productions in 1870 were 13,317 bushels of wheat, 123,220 of Indian corn, 41,991 of oats, 72,188 Ibs. of butter, 16,331 of wool, and 188,165 of tobacco. There were 1,317 horses, 2,267 milch cows, 3,036 other cattle, 8,709 sheep, and 6,892 swine. Capital, Fayetteville. III. A W. county of Georgia, bounded S. and E. by Flint river; area, 300 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 7,983, of whom 1,121 were colored. The surface is mostly level, and the soil, formed by the disintegration of primary rocks, is unproductive. Granite and iron are the principal minerals. The Atlanta and West Point and the Savannah, Griffin, and North Alabama railroads traverse it. The chief pro- ductions in 1870 were 25,646 bushels of wheat, 104,486 of Indian corn, 11,916 of oats, and 2,951 bales of cotton. There were 3,587 cattle, 2,241 sheep, and 5,779 swine. Capital, Fay- etteville. IV. A N. W. county of Alabama; area, about 550 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 7,136, of whom 1,077 were colored. It has a moderately uneven surface, drained by numerous streams, and a productive soil. The chief productions in 1870 were 14,266 bushels of wheat, 201,228 of Indian corn, 13,283 of oats, 27,702 of sweet potatoes, 13,194 Ibs. of wool, 97,350 of butter, and 1,909 bales of cotton. There were 1,450 horses, 2,534 milch cows, 5,107 other cattle, 6,354 sheep, and 10,983 swine. Capital, Fay- ette Court House. V. A S. E. county of Texas, intersected by the Colorado river, which is navigable during half the year to this point; area, 1,025 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 16,863, of whom 5,901 were colored. The surface is un- dulating, and the soil, consisting of a black sandy loam, is highly productive. Coal is the most important mineral production. The chief productions in 1870 were 459,392 bushels of Indian corn, 34,206 of sweet potatoes, 144,196 Ibs. of butter, 16,280 of wool, and 10,653 bales of cotton. There were 6,650 horses, 10,836 milch cows, 44,593 other cattle, 10,006 sheep, and 17,293 swine; 12 sawmills and 4 manu- factories of saddlery and harness. Capital, La Grange. VI. A S. W. county of Tennessee, bordering on Mississippi, and watered by Loo- sahatchie and Wolf rivers ; area, about 550 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 26,145, of whom 16,987 were colored. It has a fertile, well cultivated soil. It is traversed by the Memphis and Charleston, and its Somerville branch, and the Memphis and Louisville railroads. The chief produc- tions in 1870 were 11,786 bushels of wheat, 627,271 of Indian corn, 26,077 of sweet pota- toes, and 20,131 bales of cotton. There were 2,839 horses, 4,073 mules and asses, 4,534 milch cows, 5,277 other cattle, 3,828 sheep, and 30,- 762 swine ; 1 saw mill and 4 flour mills, and 5 manufactories of carriages and wagons. Capi- tal, Somerville. VII. A central county of Ken- tucky, bounded S. by Kentucky river, and drained by some of its affluents ; area, about 300 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 26,656, of whom 12,- 513 were colored. It has a rolling surface, and a fertile and well tilled soil, underlying which is an excellent species of building stone called blue or Trenton limestone. The Kentucky Central and the Louisville, Cincinnati, and Lexington railroads pass through it. The chief productions in 1870 were 76,362 bushels of wheat, 42,628 of rye, 1,117,190 of Indian corn, 176,276 of oats, 25,267 of barley, 49,432 of potatoes, 4,399 tons of hay, 157,742 Ibs. of butter, and 28,421 of wool. There were 5,522 horses, 2,354 mules and asses, 3,753 milch cows, 12,501 other cattle, 7,477 sheep, and 20,676 swine; 4 manufactories of agricultural implements, 8 of bagging, 3 of boots and shoes, 20 of carriages and wagons, 3 of confectionery, 1 of cotton goods, 2 of furniture, 1 of gas, 1 of malt, 5 of saddlery and harness, 5 of tin, cop- per, and sheet-iron ware, 2 planing mills, 8 distilleries, and 7 flour mills. Capital, Lexing- ton. VIII. A S. W. county of Ohio; area, 414 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 17,170. It has a level or undulating surface, and a fertile soil, consisting of deep black loam. It is intersected by the Cincinnati and Muskingum Valley railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 160,510 bushels of wheat, 2,055,926 of Indian corn, 66,841 of oats, 50,929 of potatoes, 12,015 tons of hay, 361,725 Ibs. of butter, and 154,739 of