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182 FIESCO served as a policeman and a spy. Convicted of having misappropriated funds intrusted to him as foreman, and of other misdemeanors, he led a miserable life till 1835, when he de- vised an infernal machine, with 25 gun barrels and many projectiles, for the assassination of Louis Philippe. His accomplices were Morey, a saddler, and Pepin, a grocer, the latter sup- plying him with money. They hired the third floor of a house in the boulevard du Temple, where Fieschi took up his quarters to await the passing of the king ; a fourth accomplice, Boireau, a lamp maker, undertaking to act as watcher. The king, while holding a great military review on July 28, 1835, in celebration of the fifth anniversary of the revolution of 1830, passed the house, in the midst of an im- mense crowd, accompanied by three of his sons, when the explosion took place, which killed Marshal Mortier, duke of Treviso, chief of the royal staff, Gen. Lachasse de Verigny, and Lieut. Col. Rieussec. Altogether 11 per- sons were killed on the spot, 7 more died soon afterward, and 22 were wounded. The king and the princes escaped with some slight con- tusions caused by the rearing of the horses. Fieschi, wounded and covered with blood, escaped upon the roof of the house, and thence into a neighboring courtyard ; but here he was arrested, and was long under medical treat- ment. On his recovery he attempted to make light of the affair and to deny his crime, but finally confessed and named as his accomplices Morey, Pepin, Boireau, and one Bescher. The last was acquitted. Boireau was condemned to 20 years' transportation ; Fieschi,' Morey, and Pepin were sentenced to death. During the trial Fieschi bore himself like a stage bri- gand, continually waving kisses to his mistress ; and after the execution of Pepin and Morey, he continued to trifle and attitudinize at the foot of the scaffold. See Proces de Fieschi (3 vols., Paris, 1836). FIESCO, Giovanni Lnigi, count of Lavagna, a conspirator of Genoa, born there about 1524, drowned Jan. 2, 1547. Wealthy, accomplish- ed, and of high rank, he evinced from his earli- est youth an insatiable lust of power, and suc- ceeded in making himself popular with the common people. Andrea Doria was at that time the ruler of Genoa, and although Fiesco was not so much opposed to Andrea as per- sonally exasperated against his nephew Gian- nettino (who was allowed a precedence of rank which was due to himself), he instiga- ted, in concert with Calcagno, Verrina, Sacco, and other discontented politicians, a conspir- acy with the view of overthrowing the exist- ing government. The rebellion broke out in the night of Jan. 1-2, 1547. Giannettino Doria was killed, but his uncle the doge es- caped. Fiesco himself fell into the water and was drowned while going on board a gal- ley in the port of Genoa, and his death put an end to the outbreak. The life of his widow was spared, but two of his brothers, Geronimo FIFESHIRE and Ottoboni, were put to death, and the other leaders of the revolt had their property con- fiscated and were banished by the doge, al- though an amnesty had been originally granted to them by the senate. An account of the conspiracy of Fiesco was written in 1629 by Augustino Mascardi, and after him by Cardinal de Retz. It also forms the subject of Schiller's tragedy, Fiesco. FIESOLE (anc, Fcesulce), a town of Italy, in the province and 3^ m. N. E. of the city of Florence, with which it is connected by an un- interrupted chain of villas ; pop. about 2,500. It is the seat of a bishop, and has a cathedral and an episcopal seminary. In antiquity Fse- sula3 was one of the chief towns of Etruria. Sulla established there a military colony, and the town was the headquarters of Catiline after his escape from Rome. In A. D. 405 the Ro- man general Stilicho gained near it a great victory over the barbarians under Radagaisus. In 1010 it was dismantled and destroyed by the Florentines. FIESOLE, Giovanni Angelico da. See ANGELICO. FIEVEE, Joseph, a French politician and au- thor, born in Paris, April 8, 1767, died there, May 7, 1839. He lost his father at an early age, and was apprenticed in a printing office, devoting himself also to literature and poli- tics. He embraced the principles of the revo- lution- in 1789, and assisted Condorcet and Millin in editing the Chronique de Paris. Dis- gusted with the excesses of the terrorists, to whose downfall he contributed in 1794, he en- tered in 1795 upon a course of royalist partisan- ship, and was proscribed by the revolutionists, imprisoned in 1799, and restored to liberty on the 18th Brumaire. In 1802 he was sent by Napoleon upon a delicate mission to England, and on his return published a volume of letters concerning that country. In 1810 he was sent to Hamburg to examine the operations of cer- tain agents, and under the first restoration was prefect of the department of Nievre, from which post he was dismissed by Napoleon on his return from Elba. He afterward took part in editing several royalist journals, and espe- cially contributed by his skill in polemics to the power of the Journal des Debat8. He wrote several romances, remarkable for grace and simplicity, published a pamphlet in 1795, Sur la necessite d'une religion, which first gave him a leading position in the religious and monarchical party, and left a great number of political treatises. FIFESHIRE, a peninsular county of Scotland, bounded N., E., and S. by the frith of Tay, the North sea, and the frith of Forth, and W. by the counties of Clackmannan, Perth, and Kin- ross; area, 513 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 160,310. The surface of the county is much diversified. The chief mountains are the Lomond hills, Lar- go Law, and Norman Law. The soil is of vari- ous quality, but so productive in general that fully two thirds of the whole is under cultiva- tion. Agriculture is in a very advanced state.