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304: FONTAINE FONTANA conspicuous by eloquent public addresses ; and on the restoration of the Neapolitan monarchy in 1799 she was sentenced to death on the gallows at the instigation of Queen Caroline, upon the ground of her having contributed to the anti-royalist Monitore Napoletano. Her execution became the signal of wholesale mas- sacres and imprisonments. FONTAINE, Jean de la. See LA FONTAINE. FONTAINEBLEAU, a town of France, in the de- partment of Seine-et-Marne^35 m. S. S. E. of Paris, on the Southeastern railway, in the midst of the forest to which it gives its name ; pop. in 1866, 10,787. It has a college, a public li- brary, three handsome barracks for cavalry and infantry, a hospital founded by Anne of Austria, an asylum for girls established by Mme. de Montespan, an obelisk erected on the mar- riage of Louis XVI. with Marie Antoinette, and the old residence of Gabrielle d'Estrees. Its manufactures of porcelain and earthenware have some reputation ; and the delicious grapes Chateau of Fontainebleau. gathered in the vicinity, especially at Thomery, and celebrated under the name of chasselas de Fontainebleau, are the object of a brisk and profitable trade. But the town owes its celeb- rity to its royal chateau, a magnificent pile of various kinds of architecture, which has been the residence of several monarchs. This cha- teau, originally founded by Robert the Pious toward the end of the 10th century, was re- built by Louis VII. in the 12th, and embel- lished by Philip Augustus, Louis IX., and oth- ers. Francis I. had it entirely renovated and enlarged by artists brought from Italy. Rosso, Primaticcio, Nicol6 dell' Abbate, Leonardo da Vinci, Andrea del Sarto, and Benvenuto Cel- lini ornamented it with their works, important remains of which may still be seen. It was im- proved by Henry IV. and all his successors. Napoleon I. spent here 6,000,000 francs be- tween 1804 and 1813. Louis Philippe com- pletely restored it and put it in splendid order from 1837 to 1840, and Napoleon III. did not neglect it. It is in fact a collection of palaces of different epochs and styles, and its orna- ments, pictures, and statuary are of the highest excellence. Its library is invaluable. This cha- teau has been the scene of many historical events. Philip IV., Henry III., and Louis XIII. were born in it. Christina of Sweden inhabited it during her sojourn in France ; and it was here that in 1657 her favorite Monaldeschi was put to death by Santinelli. Here an alliance with Sweden was signed in 1661, and here in 1685 Louis XIV. signed the revocation of the edict of Nantes. Pope Pius VII. was confined with- in its walls for 19 months (1812-'14); and Napoleon, who had signed here his abdica- tion, April 11, 1814, bade farewell on the 20th to his old guard at the principal entrance of the palace, known as la cour du cheval blanc. He signed his second and final abdication here, June 22, 1815. The forest of Fontaine- bleau (area, 41,000 acres), which was originally called the forest of Biere or Bidvre (Sylva Bieria), is as fine as any in France, and abounds in game. It is adorned with statues, temples, lakes, waterfalls, and fountains. Its varied and picturesque scenery is highly appreciated by travellers and land- scape painters, while its quarries supply the capital with most of its paving stones. Anffis- toire de laforet de Fon- tainebleau was publish- ed by Paul Donner in 1873. FONTANA, the name of many Italian paint- ers of the 16th and 17th centuries, prominent among whom was PEOSPERO (1512-'97), the instructor of the Carracci. He was one of the most prolific painters of the Bolognese school, but was hasty and reckless in his work. His masterpiece is the " Adoration of the Magi " in the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Bo- logna, which has been described as approach- ing the style of Paul Veronese. His daughter LAVINIA (1552-1614) attained almost the ex- cellence of Guido in some of her portraits. Famous among the architects of the Fontana family was DOMENICO (1543-1607), who finished the cupola of the basilica of St. Peter, placed the stupendous obelisk which had been brought from Egypt in the reign of Caligula on the piazza of St. Peter (1586), despite great diffi- culties, and was ennobled and magnificently rewarded by the pope. He also designed the library of the Vatican and completed the pon- tifical palace of Monte Cavallo. Clement VIII. having disgraced him on account of a false