Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VII.djvu/359

FOUNTAIN number of infants and mothers under its care was 1,046, of whom 938 were children, 174 being born in the institution. The rate of mor- tality of the infants born alive in the institu- tion was a fraction less than 23 per cent. The New York infant asylum was organized in 1871. Its country home is to be arranged on a cottage system that will admit of proper classi- fication of the nursing mothers and such chil- dren as await adoption. The institution re- ceives cpmpensation from the city of New York and the several counties that commit in- fants to its care. The number received from its opening, Nov. 27, 1871, to the close of the same year, was 23, and no deaths occurred. FOUNTAIN, a W. county of Indiana, bounded W. by the Wabash river, and drained by Coal and other creeks ; area, about 400 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 16,389. It is intersected by the Indian- apolis, Bloomington, and Western, and the To- ledo, Wabash, and Western railroads, and by the Wabash and Erie canal. It has a level surface, about a quarter of which is occupied by fine prairie land, while much of the remain- der is covered with thick forests. The soil con- sists chiefly of a rich black loam. Coal and iron are obtained in large quantities. The chief productions in 1870 were 413,786 bushels of wheat, 574,426 of Indian corn, 59,681 of oats, 58,609 of potatoes, 10,679 tons of hay, 257,196 Ibs. of butter, and 90, 028 of wool. There were 6,578 horses, 3,977 milch cows, 6,972 other cattle, 26,389 sheep, and 23,300 swine; 8 man- ufactories of carriages and wagons, 10 of bar- rels and casks, 2 of furniture, 7 of bricks, 2 of printing paper, 10 of saddlery and harness, 1 of woollen goods, 7 flour mills, 19 sawmills, 2 dis- tilleries, 5 breweries, 4 tanneries, and 4 curry- ing establishments. Capital, Covington. FOUQUE, Friedrich Heinrich Karl de la Motte, baron, a German novelist and poet, born in the town of Brandenburg, Feb. 12, 1777, died in Berlin, Jan. 23, 1843. The grandson of a dis- tinguished general of Frederick the Great, he served in defence of his country in early youth, and again in 1813 in the war against Napoleon, was wounded at Kulm, and present at Leipsic. Devoting himself henceforward to literature, he became one of the most original and fertile writers of the romantic school. An enthusi- astic love for the ideal Christian chivalry of the middle ages, and for the ancient national poetry of Scandinavia and Germany, pervades most of his works, which embrace novels, epics, dramas, &c. He is best known by his Un- dine, which has been translated into nearly every European language. Of this Coleridge said that there was something in it even be- yond Scott ; for it was one and single in pro- jection, and presented, what Scott had never done, an absolutely new idea. Of his other tales, all of which have been translated into English, "Sintram" and "Thiodolf" are the most remarkable. A corrected edition of his select works was prepared by Fouque before his death (12 vols., Halle, 1841). 330 VOL. viz. 23 FOURCROY 351 FOUQUET, or Foncqnet, Nicolas, marquis de Belle-Isle, a French minister of finance, born in Paris in 1615, died March 23, 1680. He en- tered the public service at an early age, became procurator general of the parliament of Paris in 1650, and was devoted to the interests of Anne of Austria and of Mazarin, by whose in- fluence he was made superintendent of finances. He succeeded for a time in meeting the enor- mous expenses of the state, already overladen with debts, but a large deficit in his accounts brought upon him an accusation of peculation. He had in fact amassed an immense fortune, and had spent 18,000,000 francs on one of his chateaux. Louis XIV. had. him arrested in 1661 at a fete which Fouquet was giving in his honor ; and he was convicted of peculation and treason, Dec. 20, 1664. Colbert, who succeed- ed him, was the cause of his ruin. Fouquet died at the castle of Pignerol, after 19 years of captivity. Although strictly watched, he con- trived to write considerably while in prison, and several works, chiefly on religious subjects, are attributed to him. The documents refer- ring to his trial were published in Holland in 1665-'7in 15 vols., and a 2d edition in 16 vols., under the title of (Euvres de M. Fouquet, ap- peared in 1696. FOUQUIER-TINVILLE, Antoine Quentin, a French revolutionist, born in Herouel, near St. Quen- tin, in 1747, guillotined in Paris, May 7, 1795. He studied law in Paris, was for a time procu- rator at the Chatelet, which place he lost by his misconduct, and afterward obtained that of police clerk. Ruined by vices and harassed by debts, he became an agent for the police, and after the establishment of the revolutionary tribunal, March 10, 1793, was advanced to the post of public accuser before it. From that time till July 28, 1794, he was the indefatiga- ble purveyor of the guillotine. Indifferent to friends and enemies, with equal remorseless- ness he sent to death Bailly and Danton, Ver- gniaud and Hebert,Marie Antoinette and Robes- pierre. Soon after the fall of Robespierre the convention brought him to trial, and he was condemned and executed. FOURCROY, Antoine Francois, count, a French chemist, born in Paris, Jan. 15, 1755, died there, Dec. 16, 1809. The son of a druggist in reduced circumstances, he tried to gain a living by several callings, but finally, in 1775, became a student of medicine. In 1777 he published a translation of Ramazzini's Latin " Treatise on the Diseases of Mechanics," with notes and ad- ditions. In 1780 he delivered a course of pop- ular lectures on chemistry and natural history, which attracted a large auditory, and were published in 1781. In 1784 he was appointed professor of chemistry at the jardin du roi, now jar din des plantes, for which post he had been designated by Buffon in preference to Berthollet. He had been previously admitted to the scientific meetings held at the house of Lavoisier, took part in the discussions on sys- tematizing chemistry, and was one of the edi-