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572 GALLATIN his reputation. His male descendants became extinct in the middle of the 18th century, and Friedland, to which he had added large do- mains, passed by inheritance to Count Clam, who took the name of Clam-Gallas. GALLATIN. I. A N. county of Kentucky, separated from Indiana by the Ohio river; area, about 150 sq. in. ; pop. in 1870, 5,074, of whom 600 were colored. It is diversified by well wooded hills, and abounds in blue or Trenton limestone. The Louisville and Cin- cinnati railroad traverses the S. part. The chief productions in 1870 were 46,675 bushels of wheat, 277,140 of Indian corn, 23,890 of oats, 32,070 of potatoes, and 157,050 Ibs. of to- bacco. There were 1,754 horses, 968 milch cows, 1,871 other cattle, 3,239 sheep, and 8,128 swine; 2 flour mills, 2 saw mills, and 1 distillery. Capital, Warsaw. II. A S. E. county of Illinois, drained by Saline creek, separated from Kentucky by the Ohio river and from Indiana by the Wabash ; area, 310 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 11,134. It consists mostly of forest land, has a fertile soil, and contains valuable salt springs. The chief productions in 1870 were 83,093 bushels of wheat, 509,491 of Indian corn, 27,164 of oats, 22,657 of pota- toes, 18,051 Ibs. of wool, 110,925 of tobacco, and 2,252 tons of hay. There were 3,016 horses, 2,095 milch cows, 2,930 other cattle, 7,204 sheep, and 14,985 swine; 3 manufac- tories of carriages and wagons, 3 of saddlery and harness, 1 of salt, 4 flour mills, 2 saw mills, and 1 tannery. Capital, Shawneetown. III. A S. county of Montana, bordering on Idaho and Wyoming, and intersected by Yellowstone river; area, 6,800 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 1,578. Jefferson, Madison, and Gallatin rivers unite in the N". W. part and form the Missouri. It contains the most productive land in the ter- ritory. The chief productions in 1870 were 87,676 bushels of wheat, 68,520 of oats, 37,530 of barley, 13,388 of potatoes, and 2,905 tons of hay. There were 431 horses and 5,214 cattle. Capital, Bozeman. GALLATI1V, Albert, an American statesman, born in Geneva, Switzerland, Jan. 29, 1761, died at Astoria, 1ST. Y., Aug. 12, 1849. His ori- ginal name was Abraham Albert Alphonse de Gallatin. His father was a councillor of state, and a connection of the celebrated Necker. Albert graduated at the university of Geneva in 1779, and the next year embarked for Amer- ica. He landed at Cape Ann and went to Maine, where he enlisted in the continental army, and was soon after placed in command of the fort at Passamaquoddy. In 1783 he taught French in Harvard college, and in 1784 he purchased a large tract of land in Virginia for the pur- pose of forming a settlement, but was deterred from his undertaking by the hostilities of the Indians. While surveying these lands he first met Washington, who also owned large estates in that region. Washington was seated in a land agent's log cabin, surrounded by a num- ber of squatters and hunters, whom he was examining with a view to ascertain the best route for a road across the Alleghanies. Gal- latin stood in the crowd looking on for some time, while Washington put his questions with slowness and deliberation, and carefully noted down the answers. It was soon evident to the quick-minded Swiss that there was but one practicable pass. He grew impatient at Wash- ington's slowness in coming to a conclusion, and suddenly cried out : " Oh, it's plain enough that [naming the place] is the most practica- ble." The bystanders stared with astonish- ment, and Washington, laying down his pen, looked at him in evident displeasure, but did not speak. Presently he resumed his pen, put a few more questions, then suddenly threw down his pen, and, turning to Gallatin, said : "You are right, sir." After Gallatin went out Washington inquired about him, made his acquaintance, and urged him to become his land agent. Gallatin declined the situation, and in 1786, by the advice of Patrick Henry, he purchased land on the banks of the Monon- gahela in Fayette co., Pa., settled there, be- came naturalized, and devoted himself to agri- culture. In 1789 he was a member of the con- vention to revise the constitution of the state, and in the two succeeding years was a member of the legislature, to which he was chosen as the candidate of the republican or democratic party. In 1793 the legislature elected him United States senator. He took his seat, but his right to it was contested, and at the end of two months he was declared to have been in- eligible, on the ground that he had not been a citizen of the United States the nine years required by the constitution, as he did not take the oath of allegiance till 1785. Opposition to the excise laws having ripened in western Pennsylvania into the " whiskey insurrection " in 1794, Gallatin was instrumental, at con- siderable personal risk, in bringing about a peaceful accommodation between the govern- ment and the people. In recognition of his services he was elected to the house of repre- sentatives as a people's candidate, and con- tinued a member of that body from 1795 to 1801. On April 26, 1796, he delivered a speech in which he showed himself to be an unflinch- ing republican. He even went so far as to charge Washington and Jay with having pu- sillanimously surrendered the honor of their country. As this speech came from a man whose accent betrayed that he was of foreign birth, and whose youth indicated that he could not have arrived in the country much before the termination of the war, it exasperated the federalists, one of whom remarked in reply that "he could not feel thankful to the gen- tleman for coming all the way from Geneva to accuse Americans of pusillanimity.'* Mr. Gal- latin participated in all the important debates in the house, and soon became the acknowl- edged leader of his party. On his motion the committee of ways and means was first organ- ized as a standing committee of the house in