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582 GALLITZIN 1674, served in the guards of Peter the Great, and accompanied that monarch on his various campaigns ; distinguished himself at the taking of Schliisselburg ; won a victory over the Swedes at Dobry in Lithuania (1708) ; defeated the re- enforcements of Charles XII. under Gen. Lo- wenhaupt at Liesna ; fought in the battle of Poltava (1709), and a few days after compelled the remnants of the Swedish army to surren- der ; accompanied the czar on his disastrous ex- pedition to the Pruth (1711) ; and was sent as commander general to Finland, where he was victorious on land and sea, and remained till the peace of Nystadt (1721). He was made field marshal by Catharine I., was also distin- guished during the reign of Peter II., and died in Moscow in December, 1730. ALEXANDEE, son of the preceding, born in November, 1718, served under Prince Eugene on the Rhine (1733), fought in the seven years' war, commanded a Russian army on the Dniester in 1768, took Khotin, and died in 1783. DIMITEI, born in 1721, was ambassador to the court of Vienna, became by his will the founder of a magnificent hospital in Moscow, and died in 1793. DIMITEI, born about 1735, was sent as ambassador to France in 1763, and in 1773 to the Hague; wrote on natural sciences, and died in 1808. Among his works are a Description de la Tau- ride (1788), and a Traite de la mineralogie (1792). AMALIA, wife of the -preceding, born in Berlin, Aug. 28, 1748, lived for a time in separation from her husband near the Hague, and subsequently at Miinster in Westphalia, where she became the centre of a circle of pietistic writers, being herself remarkable for literary accomplishments as well as personal attractions. She contributed not only to the peculiar religious development of her son De- metrius (see GALLITZIN, DEMETEIU8 AUGUS- TINE), but also to the conversion of Count Friedrich von Stolberg to Catholicism. She died Aug. 24, 1806. SEEGEI fought against the Turks, under Potemkin, against the Poles in 1794, and against the Austrians in Galicia in 1809, commanding the troops which as- sisted the Poles to drive back the archduke Ferdinand, when he died. EMANUIL, born in Paris in 1804, entered the Russian army, dis- tinguished himself at the taking of Varna, re- turned to France, travelled through Russia and other countries, wrote, translated, and edited in French a number of works on Russia and its literature, especially descriptions of travels, and died at Paris in 1853. GALLITZIN. I. Demetrius Augustine, a Russian missionary priest, son of Prince Dimitri Alexe- yevitch Gallitzin and Amalia von Schmettau, born at the Hague, Dec. 22, 1770, died at Lo- retto, Pa., May 6, 1840. He and his sister Mari- anna were brought up by their mother, who when they were still very young was allowed by her husband to maintain a separate estab- lishment in order to devote her whole time to their education and to indulge in her taste for metaphysical studies. As both parents pro- fessed their unbelief in revelation, their son was at first reared in systematic ignorance of all religion. In 1783 a dangerous illness led the princess to examine the claims of Christianity, and in 1784 she was received into the Roman Catholic church by Dr. Overberg of Mtinster. In 1787 Demetrius also became a Catholic, and was first moved to be a priest by his intercourse with his young friends Caspar Maximilian and Clement August von Droste-Vischering. While yet a child he had been commissioned by Cath- arine II. as an officer of the imperial Russian guard,, and all pains were taken to prepare him for the military profession. In 1792 he was sent to the United States both for the pur- pose of giving him a practical knowledge of free institutions, and with the hope of curing a natural timidity and nervousness amounting to disease. Accompanied by a former tutor in the Droste-Vischering family, Felix Brosius, he arrived in Baltimore Oct. 18, under the as- sumed name of Schmet or Smith. He was wel- comed by Bishop Carroll, to whom he soon declared his determination to embrace the clerical profession for the benefit of the Amer- ican mission. While awaiting the decision of his parents, he travelled through the country, visited the most distinguished American soci- ety, and applied himself to the careful study of the constitution, laws, manners, and geogra- phy of the United States. The opposition of both his parents did not alter his resolution ; and after preparatory studies he was admitted a member of the congregation of St. Sulpicius in Baltimore in 1795, and in March, 1796, or- dained priest. He exercised his priestly func- tions at Baltimore and at Conewago, Pa., till 1799, when he was sent at his own request to McGuire's settlement or Clearfield, in Cambria co., Pa. This settlement, then composed of a few Catholic families, was situated five miles from Summit, on the highest crest of the Alle- ghanies, and 200 miles from Philadelphia. On a plot of land given him by Capt. McGuire, an old revolutionary soldier, a substantial church arose, and by its side was built a log cabin for the missionary. He purchased in the immediate vicinity a large tract of land, destined to become the centre of a Catholic colony ; it was divided into small farms and given to settlers at a nomi- nal price. Thither he invited, in his own words, " families from Germany, Switzerland, Ireland, and different parts of America," and incurred great expense in establishing the most neces- sary trades. But at the death of his father the Russian court declared him disqualified to inherit the family estates; the remittances generously forwarded by his mother often mis- carried, and the legacies she bequeathed to him in 1807 never reached him; while after the marriage of his sister in 1817 the large amounts justly due to him were appropriated by her husband. In spite of incredible diffi- culties he retained possession of his large prop- erty, on which he expended before his death $150,000. To his pecuniary embarrassments