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FALKNER FALLOUX 1592, and were visited a century later by Strong, who called the sound Falkland, and the islands afterward took the same name. The French planted a colony on Berkeley sound, East Falk- land, in 1763, and the English established themselves at Port Egmont, West Falkland, about two years later. The French in 1767 ceded their settlement to the Spaniards, who drove away the English in 1770. They after- ward restored Port Egmont to the British, and some time later the islands were abandoned by both parties. Buenos Ayres took posses- sion of East Falkland in 1820, and founded a colony there in 1823, which in consequence of a dispute was destroyed in 1831 by a United States man-of-war. It was shortly after given up to the British. FALKNER, Thomas, an English missionary, born in Manchester in 1710, died at Plow- den Hall, Jan. 30, 1784. He was the son of a surgeon, and followed the same profession in South America and other countries. While ill at Buenos Ayres he was attended by members of the society of Jesus. He abjured the Pres- byterian faith to join that order, in which he dis- tinguished himself by missionary labors during 40 years, and he was also employed by the Spanish authorities in surveying part of the South American coast. On the dissolution of the order he went to Spain, where he became chaplain to one of his countrymen, whom he accompanied to the vicinity of Worcester, England. He wrote a number of works in different languages, chiefly relating to the Amer- ican continent. His principal publication, " A Description of Patagonia and the adjoining Parts of South America, and some Particulars relating to Falkland Islands," &c. (Hereford and London, 1774; abridged, "A Treatise of the Patagonians," &c., Darlington, 1788), was translated into German and French. FALLING STARS. See METEOKS. FALLMERAYER, Philipp Jakob, a German his- torian and traveller, born at Tschotsch, near Brixen, in the Tyrol, Dec. 10, 1791, died in Munich, April 26, 1862. He served as a sub- lieutenant in the campaigns of 1813-'15, and subsequently became a professor in the college of Augsburg and in the lyceum at Landshut. He travelled in the East from 1831 to 1836, spent several years in southern France, Italy, and Geneva, made a second tour through Asia Minor in 1840, published the results of his ethnological and historical researches in Frag- mente am dem Orient (2 vols., Stuttgart, 1845), visited Palestine and Syria in 1847, was a member of the German parliament in 1848, and became a professor in the university of Munich, but was dismissed in 1849 on account of his liberal views. The most important of his historical writings are Geschiclite des Kai- serthums Trapezunt (Munich, 1831), and Ge- schichte der HalMnsel Morea im Mittelalter (2 vols., Stuttgart, 1830-'36). In the latter work he maintains that the present inhabi- tants of Greece have little or no affinity of race with the ancient Hellenes, and may be con- sidered, notwithstanding their language, a branch of the Slavic family. Many of his es- says published in the Augsburg Allgemeine Zeitung belong to the best writings of their kind. His Gesammelte Werke, published after his death by Thomas, contains the Neue Frag- mente aus dem Orient, and a large number of political, historical, and critical essays. His works exhibit a rare combination of profound scholarship and philosophical depth with the faculty of presenting the results of scientific researches in a perspicuous and graceful form. FALLOPPIO, or Fallopins, Gabriello, an Italian anatomist, born inModena about 1523, died in 1562. He was one of the three naturalists who, according to Cuvier, contributed to the revival of the study of anatomy in the 16th century, the other two being Vesalius and Eustachi. He was a pupil of Vesalius, and after travelling through Europe was for a time professor of anatomy at Ferrara, and afterward for several years at Pisa. In 1551 he was appointed professor of anatomy and surgery at Padua, where he also devoted himself to the study of botany, and became director of the botanical garden. He published in 1561 his principal work, Ofiservationes Anatomic^ which was one of the best anatomical treatises of his century, and has been several times reprinted. He gave an exact description of the structure of the ear, one of the canals of which still bears his name. He also first indica- ted the use of the two ducts extending from the ovaria to the womb on each side of the fundus, which are called from him Fallopian tubes. After a short but brilliant career, in which he became distinguished as a professor, botanist, and surgeon, as well as anatomist, he died and left his chair to Fabricius, his pupil. FALLOUX, Frederic Alfred Pierre, viscount de, a French author and statesman, born in Angers, May 7, 1811. He first made himself known by a history of Louis XVI. (Paris, 1840 ; 2d ed., 1843), and by his Histoire de St. Pie V. (2 vols., 1844; 3d ed., 1859), the former of which showed his legitimist, the latter his Catholic sentiments. In 1846 he was elected a member of the chamber of deputies, where he took his seat among the legitimists. After the revolu- tion of February, 1848, Falloux was returned to the constituent assembly, where he boldly displayed his anti-revolutionary views. Ap- pointed reporter in the question of national workshops, he moved the dissolution of the chamber, which was the signal for the uprising of the red republicans in June. On Dec. 20, 1848, he was made by Louis Napoleon minister of worship and public instruction, which post he resigned in October, 1849, in consequence of having been censured for submitting to the legislative assembly an organic measure rela- ting to education without having brought it before the notice of the council of state. He then took his place in the legislative assembly. After the coup d'etat of Dec. 2, 1851, he re-