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120 LAMAKTINE reception. Similar defects characterized his Recueillements poetiques (1839). As an orator he made remarkable progress in the chamber. At once conservative and progressive, he stood between the ministry and the opposition, as- sailing the inflexibility of the one and the vio- lence of the other. In 1842 he foreshadowed his ultimate adherence to the liberal side, by contending that the regency should be con- ferred on the duchess of Orleans by a vote of the chamber, thus asserting the principle of the national sovereignty ; and in 1843 he broke definitely with the conservatives. He antici- pated the subversion of the throne, and con- tributed powerfully to it in his brilliant His- toire des G-irondins (8 vols., Paris, 1847). Af- ter the escape of the royal family, when the duchess of Orleans appeared in the last assem- bly of the chamber (Feb. 24, 1848) with her eldest son, the count of Paris, and an attempt was made to declare the latter king by accla- mation, the eloquence of Lamartine decided the establishment of a provisional govern- ment, which he was among the first to pro- pose. This included Dupont de UEure, who presided, Arago, Lamartine, Ledru - Rollin, Cremieux, Gamier-Pages, Marie, Marrast, Flo- con', Louis Blanc, and Albert. On the morn- ing of the 25th, when the insurgent and fam- ishing crowds appeared before the hotel de ville, demanding bread and work, and the rais- ing of the red flag, Lamartine advanced alone among them and gained his greatest triumph of eloquence. To his intrepid stand on this occasion it is mainly due that the republic did not pass immediately into a new reign of ter- ror. He took the department of foreign affairs in the new government, and one of his first acts was to address a pacific circular to the minis- ters of foreign states, in which the design of forcible revolutionary propagandism was dis- avowed. His popularity was proved by his election to the national assembly (April 23) from 10 departments ; but he fatally compro- mised himself by a coalition with Ledru-Rol- lin, and instead of receiving the first place in the executive commission which was to succeed the provisional government till the formation of a constitution, he was the fourth on the list, the others being Arago, who became pres- ident, Ledru-Rollin, Gamier-Pages, and Marie. Cre"mieux, Carnot, Goudchaux, and others were attached as ministers. The "red" movement of May 15, under Blanqui, Barbes, Raspail, and others, having been subdued, Lamartine strove to prevent the insurrection of June, which the unsettled condition of labor and the socialist propaganda matured ; but perceiving that the time demanded not reason but the sword, he favored the dictatorship of Gen. Oavaignac, and resigned his own executive office. He was supported for the presidency by Pelletan and La Gue"ronniere in the Pays newspaper, but received only 17,910 votes, and he was returned to the assembly in 1849 by but one obscure department. After the coup d'etat of Dec. 2, LAMB 1851, he retired from public life. For several years his private affairs had demanded much of his attention. From the time of his oriental tour, the income of his writings and diminished fortune, and the illusive wealth of large terri- torial grants by the sultan, had been unequal to the expenditures incident to his elegant mode of life. He condemned himself therefore to indefatigable literary labors in the production of numerous works, often of ephemeral im- portance. His friends opened a subscription for him in 1858, but with unsatisfactory results. The municipality of Paris presented him in 1860 with a country seat near the Bois de Bou- logne, and in 1867 the government of Napoleon III. gave him for life the income from a capi- tal of 500,000 francs. His principal later pub- lications are : Trois mois au pouvoir (1848) ; Histoire de la revolution de 1848 (2 vols., 1849) ; Confidences and Raphael (1849), memoirs of his youth ; Toussaint I" 1 Ouverture, a drama (1850) ; Genevieve (1851); Le tailleur^de pierre de Saint-Point (1851) ; Histoire de la restauration (6 vols., 1851-'3) ; Visions (1852), a poetic frag- ment ; Nouveau voyage en Orient (1853) ; His- toire des constituants (4 vols., 1854) ; Histoire de la Turquie (6 vols., 1854); Histoire de la Russie (2 vols., 1855) ; Regina (1862) ; Esprit de Mme. de Girardin (1862) ; a series of literary portraits, Bossuet, Antar, Ciceron, Christophe Colomb, Homere et Socrate, Nelson (1863), He~ lo'ise et Abailard, Mme. de Semgne, Shalcspeare et son ceuvre (1864) ; Cimlisateurs et conquerants (2 vols., 1865) ; Les grands homines de V Orient, Vie de Cesar, Les hommes de la revolution (1865) ; J. J. Rousseau, son faux contrat social et le vrai contrat social (1866) ; Vie du Tasse (1866); and Antoniella (1867). He conducted at various times the periodicals Le conseiller dupeuple (1849-'52), Le civilisateur (1852-'6), and the Cours familier de litterature (1856 et seq.}. His Correspondance (4 vols., Paris, 1873 et seq.} was edited by his niece. See Lacre- telle's Lamartine et ses amis (Paris, 1872), Ma- zade's Lamartine, sa vie litteraire et politique (Paris, 1872), and Vingt-cinq ans de ma vie, translated into English by Lady Herbert (1872). LAMB, Lady Caroline. See MELBOURNE. LAMB. I. Charles, an English author, born in London, Feb. 18, 1775, died in Edmonton, Dec. 27, 1834. His father was servant and friend to one of the benchers of the Inner Temple, and published a volume of occasional verses which evince his humor and taste. His character is happily drawn under the name of Lovel in the essay of Elia on " The 014 Benchers of the Inner Temple." In the Inner Temple Charles passed the first seven years of his life, and was then sent to the school of Christ's hospital, where he remained till his 15th year. Coleridge was his schoolfellow, and one of his earliest and most esteemed friends. But for a slight impediment in his speech he would have acquired a university education and taken or- ders. He was employed in the South sea house from 1789 to 1792, when he obtained an ap-