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128 LA MOTTE-FOUQUE geria, but went to France in 1846, in the hope of exerting a favorable influence upon the des- tiny of the African colony by taking part in the parliamentary discussions on the subject. He was elected to the chamber in October, 1846. Keturning to Algeria soon after, he organized the expedition against Abd-el-Kader which finished the war. He made altogether 18 Afri- can campaigns, and rose to the rank of lieuten- ant general. He was reflected to the chamber of deputies in 1847, and when the revolution of February, 1848, broke out, he exerted him- self in favor of the formation of a new admin- istration under Louis Philippe, and as colonel of the national guard went among the people assembled on the boulevards to allay the public excitement. But he was not listened to, and after the abdication of Louis Philippe he was slightly wounded while on his way to the Palais Eoyal to proclaim the regency of the duchess of Orleans. On the same evening he tendered his allegiance to the provisional gov- ernment. He took his seat in the constitu- ent assembly as a member for Sarthe, and be- came prominent in the committee* on milita- ry affairs. During the bloody days of June, 184.8, three horses were killed under him. He officiated as Gen. Cavaignac's minister of war until December, 1848, and was instrumen- tal in introducing various measures for the benefit of Algeria. He strenuously opposed the election of Louis Napoleon to the presi- dency, and even questioned his right to citi- zenship. Being elected to the legislative as- sembly, he became president of the constitu- tional committee, and opposed the projects of the ultra-radical party. In the course of the Hungarian struggle with Austria, he was in- trusted with a diplomatic mission to Russia ; but on his arrival there the Hungarians had already been crushed by the armed interference of the czar. On hearing of the overthrow of Odilon Barrot's administration (Oct. 31, 1849), he returned to France and resumed his seat in the legislative assembly. After the coup d'etat of Dec. 2, 1851, he was arrested and detained in the fortress of Ham until Jan. 9, 1852, when he was permitted to go to Prussia. A letter of his, refusing to recognize the government of Louis Napoleon, was published in May, 1852. He afterward resided in Germany, Belgium, and England. In 1857", on the sudden death of one of his children, he was allowed to re- turn to France ; and with the consent of the French government in April, 1860, he was ap- pointed by Pope Pius IX. commander-in-chief of the papal troops, mainly foreigners. The Sardinian government, completing the work begun by Garibaldi in the Neapolitan prov- inces, sent Gens. Oialdini and Fanti into Ro- man territory ; they took Perugia, annihilated Lamoriciere's army at Oastel Fidardo, Sept. 18, besieged him in Ancona, and compelled a capitulation, Sept. 29. He published an ex tended report of his last campaign. LA MOTTE-FOUQUE. See LAMP LAMOTTE-VALOIS, Jeanne de Luz de St. Remy, countess de, a French adventuress, born in Champagne about 1756, died in London, Aug. 23, 1791. After marrying a count de Lamotte, who was a spendthrift, she went to Paris, and succeeded in being introduced to Marie Antoi- nette, who took some interest in her, and to Cardinal de Rohan, grand almoner to the king. She persuaded the latter that she could concili- ate for him the affection of the queen, who she told him was desirous of getting a magnificent diamond necklace, then in the hands of the court jewellers, which was worth about 1,600,- 000 francs. She induced a Mile. d'Oliva who resembled Marie Antoinette, to personate her at a midnight interview with Rohan in the gardens of Versailles. With the real signature of Rohan and a forged one of the queen, the countess got possession of the necklace (Feb. 2, 1786), which she sold in London, but pre- tended that she had delivered it to the queen, and for several months concealed the robbery by producing forged notes apparently written by the latter. Finally a direct application of the jewellers to her majesty awoke suspicion, which resulted in a public trial before the parliament. All France was excited over the affair. The cardinal was discharged from all accusation, while the countess was sentenced to be whipped, branded on the shoulder, and imprisoned for life. After being incarcerated about two years at the Salp&triere, she es- caped, June 5, 1787, and fled to London, where she published libels against the queen. Her husband survived her, and twice wrote a com- plete history of the affair ; the first manuscript was taken from him by the French police ; the second was mutilated in its most important parts. This mutilated manuscript was printed in 1858, under the supervision of L. Lacour, with the title Affaire du collier: Memoires inedits du comte de Lamotte- Valois. The best account of the affair is to be found in Louis Blanc's Histoire de la revolution francaise. LAMOVRE, an E. central county of Dakota territory, recently formed and not included in the census of 1870; area, about 1,800 sq. m. It is intersected by the Dakota or James river. LAMP, a vessel employed for producing light, and sometimes also heat, by the combustion of inflammable fluids, grease, or wax. The simple form of these contrivances adopted by the an- cient Hebrews has continued in use down to the present day ; and until near the close of the last century this had hardly been improved upon among the most civilized nations. Even on the American continent may still be seen among the Canadian French the same low oval metallic vessel that was used by the ancient orientals and Europeans, furnished with a han- dle at one end and a beak at the other, through a hole on the upper surface of which pro- jects the wick from the reservoir of oil or grease below. Some are made to be carried in the hand and placed upon tables, and others are kept suspended by chains in the middle of