Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume X.djvu/139

LAMPSAOUS LANARKSHIRE 133 ing forward ; though uncommon in rivers ob- structed by dams, they are abundant at their outlets, especially in the Merrimack near Low- ell. Several other species are described in Dr. Lamprey (Petromyzon Amerlcanus). Storer's " Synopsis of the Fishes of North America." The genus ammoccetes (Dumeril) has the same cylindrical body, branchial aper- tures, and fins as the lampreys ; the mouth is semicircular, without teeth, the posterior lip transverse and serrated within ; the branchial apertures open internally into the oasophagus itself ; the incomplete circle of the mouth pre- vents its adhering to rocks and other bodies ; the external branchial openings are placed in a longitudinal furrow. It is often called mud lamprey, from its being found in the mud and sand. The best known species in Europe is A. ~brancMalis (Cuv.), 6 or 7 in. long, about as thick as a goose quill, generally of a yellowish brown color above, darker on the head and back, lighter beneath ; the eyes are very small ; it spawns at the end of April, and feeds upon worms, insects, and dead matter, living in fresh water in many countries of Europe. Dr. Storer describes three species as occurring in North America, the A. bicolor (Lesueur), A. concolor (Kirtland), and A. unicolor (De Kay). From its resemblance to the lamprey, ammocce- tes was called petromyzon by the early writers. Aug. Mtiller (in his Archiv, 1856) maintains that ammoccetes is the larval form of petromy- zon, and does not attain the perfect state until the fourth year from the egg ; subsequent ob- servations confirm this view, which, if true, is a remarkable instance of partial metamorpho- sis in fish, and shows- upon what transitory characters genera may be founded. Accord- ing to Van der Hoeven, the cleavage of the yolk is entire, and in the first stage of development there is much analogy with that of the frog. LAMPSACUS, an ancient Greek city of Mysia in Asia Minor, situated on the Hellespont near where it expands into the Propontis. Its ori- ginal name was Pityusa, but it was colonized at an early period by lonians from Phoca3a and Miletus, who called the place Lampsacus. It had an excellent harbor, and acquired extensive commerce. Miltiades, son of Cypselus, who had established himself in the Thracian Cher- sonese, made war on the Lampsacenes, but was surprised and taken prisoner by them. Crcesus espousing his cause, they restored him to free- dom. After the rise of the Persian power, Lampsacus became subject to it. On the over- throw of the Persians at Mycale (479 B. C.), Lampsacus joined the Athenian confederacy, but it revolted when intelligence arrived of the destruction of the Athenian armament and army in Sicily (413). It was reduced by Strombichides, and remained dependent on Athens till the time of Alexander, when it was absorbed in the Macedonian, and subsequently in the Roman dominions. In the age of Stra- bo it was still a place of importance. Charon the historian, Anaximenes the rhetorician, and Metrodorus the philosopher, were natives of Lampsacus, which was also a chief seat of the worship of Priapus. Its territory was famous for wine. The name of Lampsacus is still pre- served in that of Lapsaki, a small village 5 m. S. of Gallipoli, near the probable site of the ancient city, of which no trace now remains. LAMP SHELL. See BEACHIOPODA. LANARK, the county town of Lanarkshire, Scotland, on the river Clyde, 656 ft. above the sea, 23 m. S. E. of Glasgow, and 31 S. W. of Edinburgh; pop. in 1871, 5,099. It consists of one main and several smaller streets, is paved and supplied with gas and water, and has six churches and various public institutions. Its inhabitants are employed chiefly in hand-loom weaving for the Glasgow and Paisley manufac- turers. Shoes are also made. There are sev- eral breweries and flour mills. About 1 m. S. is the manufacturing village of NEW LANAEK, on the Clyde ; pop. about 1,700. This village owes its origin to David Dale, who erected a cotton factory there in 1784. He was suc- ceeded in the management by his son-in-law, Robert Owen, who in 1815 attempted an eco- nomical experiment among the workpeople. They numbered about 2,500, and were under his control till 1827, when he retired from the management of the works. The establishment was not successful, and no trace of its peculiar features now remains. LANARK, a N. E. county of Ontario, Canada ; area, 1,197 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 33,020, of whom 16,507 were of Irish, 11,873 of Scotch, and 3,220 of English origin or descent. It is watered by the Mississippi river, an affluent of the Ottawa, by the Rideau, and by several small lakes, and is traversed by the Brockville and Ottawa railway. Capital, Perth. LANARKSHIRE, or Clydesdale, an inland coun- ty of Scotland, bordering on the counties of Dumbarton, Stirling, Linlithgow, Edinburgh, Peebles, Dumfries, Ayr, and Renfrew ; area, 888 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 769,339. The river Clyde traverses the county from S. S. E. to N. N. W., and with its tributaries is noted for beautiful river scenery. The falls of Bonning- ton, Corra Linn, and Stonebyres are much visited by lovers of the picturesque. The county is nominally divided into three wards,