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LEIDY LEINSTER 327 Darling Downs, in February, 1848, in which he expressed great delight at receiving medals from the London and Paris geographical so- cieties, and said that he was about to explore Victoria river. Leichhardt wrote "Journal of an Overland Expedition in Australia, from Moreton Bay to Port Essington" (London, 1847; German translation by Zuchold, Halle, 1851), and Beitrage zur Geologic von Aus- tralien (Halle, 1855). His biography has been written by Zuchold (Leipsic, 1856). LEIDY, Joseph, an American naturalist, born in Philadelphia, Sept. 9, 1823. In 1844 he graduated M. D. at the university of Pennsyl- vania, and began the practice of medicine ; but he soon devoted himself to teaching, and to original work in the biological sciences. In 1846 he was chosen chairman of the curators of the national academy of sciences, and in 1853 professor of anatomy in the university of Pennsylvania, which chair he still fills (1874). In March, 1871, he was appointed professor of natural history in Swarthmore college, teach- ing zoology, comparative anatomy and physi- ology, mineralogy, and geology, without inter- mitting his duties in the university. During the civil war his scientific labors were to a great extent arrested by his services as acting assis- tant surgeon in Satterlee hospital, Philadelphia. His contributions to scientific periodicals num- ber nearly 800. He has also written "Flora and Fauna within Living Animals," " Ancient Fauna of Nebraska," and "Cretaceous Rep- tiles of the United States" (published by the Smithsonian institution) ; "The Extinct Mam- malian Fauna of Dakota and Nebraska, to- gether with a Synopsis of the Mammalian Re- mains of North America" (4to, 30 plates, Phil- adelphia, 1870) ; and " Contributions to the Ex- tinct Vertebrate Fauna of the Western Terri- tories" (4to, 37 plates, Washington, 1873). LEIGH, Benjamin Watkins, an American law- yer, born in Chesterfield co., Va., June 18, 1781, died Feb. 2, 1849. He studied at Wil- liam and Mary college, and when he became of age was admitted to the bar. He practised successfully in Petersburg, Va., and was soon elected to the legislature from Dinwiddie co., presenting in that body a series of resolutions asserting the right of the legislature to instruct the United States senators from Virginia. In 1813 he removed to Richmond, where he at once took a high place at the bar. He was one of the commissioners appointed to revise the statutes of Virginia, and reported the argu- ments and decisions in the court of appeals. In 1822 he was sent as commissioner to Ken- tucky, and, in concert with Mr. Clay on the part of that state, adjusted an agreement concerning the " occupying claimants law," which threat- ened to annul the Virginia titles to lands in Kentucky. He was a member of the conven- tion of 1829-'30, in which he held a prominent position, and in 1835 was elected to the United States senate, where he took an active part in debate; but finding that his views were not those of the majority of his constituents, he resigned in 1837, and passed the remainder of his life in retirement. LEIGHTON, Frederick, an English painter, born at Scarborough, Dec. 3, 1830. He studied principally in Italy and Germany. His first great work, " Cimabue finding Giotto drawing .in the. Fields," was produced in 1848. Among his other works are : " The Death of Brune- lesco ;" " Cimabue," representing the triumphal procession in Florence at the reception of that master's " Madonna," which was exhibited in 1855, and at once purchased by the queen; "Orpheus redeeming his Wife from Hades" (1856); "Scene from Romeo and Juliet" (1858); "Looking at the Autumn Fields" (1859); "Capri at Sunrise" (1860); "Paolo and Francesca" and "Lieder ohne Worte" (1861); "The Star of Bethlehem" and "Mi- chel Angelo nursing his dying Servant " (1862) ; "A Girl feeding Peacocks" and "An Ital- ian Crossbowman " (1863) ; " Golden Hours " (1864); "Helen of Troy," "David," and " Mother and Child " (1865) ; " Syracusan Bride leading Wild Beasts in Procession" (1866); "Nude Venus "(1867); and"Clytem- nestra" (1874). He has illustrated several books, including George Eliot's "Romola." LEIGHTON, Robert, a Scottish prelate, born in Edinburgh in 1611, died in London, June 26, 1684. He was educated at the university of Edinburgh, in 1641 became pastor of a Presbyterian church, and in 1653 principal of the university of Edinburgh. On the acces- sion of Charles II. an attempt was made to establish episcopacy in Scotland. Leighton was favorably disposed toward the system, though his father had been savagely perse- cuted by Laud for his opposition to it ; and, in the hope of moderating the violent dissensions of the time, he reluctantly consented to accept a bishopric, choosing that of Dumblane as be- ing one of the poorest in revenue. In 1670, on the resignation of Sharpe, he was trans- ferred to the archbishopric of Glasgow; but finding himself unequal to the difficulties of his new dignity, he resigned it in 1674, retired to England, and spent his remaining days in that country. He left various works, the best known of which is his " Practical Commentary on the First Epistle General of St. Peter." A complete edition of his writings appeared in 1808 (6 vols. 8vo, London). Among other editions is that by Pearson (London, 1828, and New York, 1859); the latest edition was pub- lished in London in 1871, in 6 vols. LEINSTER, one of the four provinces of Ire- land, constituting the S. E. part of the island, between lat. 52 7' and 54 6' N., and Ion. 6 and 8 3' W., bounded N. by Ulster, E. by St. George's channel, S. by the Irish sea, and W. by Munster and Connaught ; length N. and S., 132 m. ; greatest breadth, 82 m. ; area, 7,553 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 1,335,966 (in 1841, 1,973,731). It is divided into 12 counties : Carlow, Dublin, Kildare, Kilkenny, King's,