Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume X.djvu/409

LIBRAKY 403 being known to exist. Nearly one half of these are preserved in the imperial library at Vienna. The Urbino library is partly in the Vatican and partly in other collections. The invention of printing, by increasing the num- ber and reducing the cost of books, made pos- sible the formation of many public libraries, which soon sprang up in all the considerable towns of Germany, Italy, and France ; and in these and the several university libraries were gradually merged most of the small collections of the monasteries which were suppressed after the reformation. The following table shows the condition in 1874 of all the larger libraries of Europe : EUROPEAN PUBLIC LIBRARIES CONTAINING 100,000 VOLUMES OR MORE. PLACE. Name. i! M Printed vch. MSS. Cambridge.... Dublin University... Trinity College . 1475 1601 400,000 145000 3,000 1 600 Edinburgh ... Edinburgh ... Glasgow Advocates 1 University University 1680 1580 1473 300,000 130,000 105,000 3^666 Liverpool .... Public . 1850 100 000 London . British Museum 1758 1 100 000 Manchester. . . Public 1852 120' ooo .... Oxford Bodleian 1598 310 000 30000 Aix Meianes 1418 100 000 1 200 Bordeaux.,... Lyons city .::::::::::: City . 1738 140,000 165000 200 2400 Paris National 1350 2 000 000 150000 Paris Arsenal 1781 225 000 6000 Paris... Ste. Genevieve . 1624 200 000 3500 Paris Mazarm 1660 160 000 4000 Paris. Sorbonne 140 000 1 000 Paris Institute . 1759 100 000 Paris Rouen Troyes . . City City City ... 1759 1809 100,000 120,000 100 000 i',666 5000 Augsburg.... Berlin City Royal 1537 1650 150,000 700 000 15000 Bonn University . 1818 200 000 1 000 Breslau . University 1811 350000 2500 Carlsruhe.... Cassel City Electoral (now royal) 1580 105'000 100 000 1,800 400 Darmstadt . . . Grand ducal 1760 300 000 4,000 Dresden Royal 1555 500000 3000 Erlangen University . 1743 120 000 1 000 Frankfort.... Freiburg City University . . 1454 100,000 170000 Giessen . . . University . 1607 100 000 1 500 Gotha Ducal 1(540 150000 5 000 Gottingen . . . University 1734 400'000 5000 Greifswald... Halle University University 1604 1696 100,000 100000 Hamburg Hanover . City " Royal . 1529 1690 200,000 120 000 5,000 2000 Heidelberg... Jena University University 1703 1548 220,000 200 000 2,000 Kiel University . 1665 140000 .... Kfmigsberg . . Leipsic . . . University and city. University . 1544 1543 220,000 200 000 2500 Leipsic Marburg.... Mentz Munich City University City..../. Royal . 1677 1527 1660 170,000 130,000 120,000 900000 2,000 1,566 22000 Munich University 1575 230,000 2,000 Rostock University . 1419 120 000 Strasburg.... Stuttgart Trevcs City Royal City 1531 1765 1773 soo;ooo 450,000 100000 3,506 Tubingen.... Weimar . . . Wolfenbuttel. University Grand ducal Ducal 1477 1604 200,000 150.000 200,000 2,000 2,000 5,000 Wurzburg.... Cracow Pesth University University National 1403 1364 1804 100,000 140,000 200000 1,500 5,400 Pesth Prague Vienna . . . University University Imperial .. . i350 1440 105,000 142,000 600.000 1,600 4,000 20.000 European Public Libraries continued. PLACE. Name. When founded. Printed vols. MSS. Vienna .. . University . . 1777 160 000 Zurich Bologna Florence City University National 1832 1690 1864 100,000 200,000 200000 6,666 14000 Milan... Milan Modena Ambrosian Public (Brera) Este 1609 1763 100,000 185,000 100000 15,000 3 666 Naples . . . Padua National (Bourbon). University 1780 1629 200,000 100,000 5,000 1 500 Parma . Public 140 000 Rome Casanatense 1700 100 000 2000 Rome Angelica 1605 100 000 s'ooo Rome .... Vatican . . 1378 105 000 25500 Turin University . 1436 125000 Venice St. Mark's 1468 120 000 10000 Madrid Lisbon National National 1712 1796 200,000 150000 8,500 10000 Ha^ue . Royal 1795 100000 Brussels Royal .. . 1400 250000 20000 Copenhagen Royal 1550 550000 25000 Christiania University University . 1731 1811 200,000 200000 5^000 Lund University . 1671 100000 1000 Stockholm . . . Royal 1540 125 000 5000 Upsal .. University 1621 150 000 8000 Helsingfors. . . Kiev University University 1630 1833 140,000 110000 Moscow University . 1755 160000 Moscow Museum 165000 5000 St. Petersburg St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Sci- 1714 1726 1,100,000 120 000 35,000 Athens University . 1887 125000 600 In consequence of the rapid increase of many of the European libraries, and discrepancies in authorities, some of the figures in this table vary from those previously given in articles on the several cities and towns. It is probable that other libraries are large enough to be in- cluded in the list, but it is difficult to obtain statistics regarding them. There are several other collections in London which number nearly if not quite 100,000 volumes; the libra- ry of the university of Aberdeen has over 90,000, and that of St. Andrews nearly as many. There are several private libraries in England which number over 50,000 volumes each. The five principal libraries of Great Britain, the British museum, Bodleian, Cam- bridge university, Advocates' of Edinburgh, and Trinity college of Dublin, are each entitled by statute to a copy of every book published in the empire. In France, the town libraries of Marseilles, Besancon, Versailles, and Greno- ble contain from 75,000 to 90,000 volumes each; and those of Avignon, Caen, Ohartres, Le Mans, Mines, and Douai, from 50,000 to 75,000. The library of the Louvre in Paris, which numbered 90,000 volumes, remarkable for splendid bindings, was partly destroyed by the communists in 1871. The two libraries of St. Cloud and Meudon, which were removed into Paris shortly before the siege, have since been added to it, and probably it now contains more volumes than before. In Germany, the city libraries of Mtinster and Bamberg contain more than 75,000 volumes each, the commer- cial library of Hamburg has more than 60,000, the university of Erfurt about the same, and