Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume X.djvu/523

LIPAEI LIPPI 517 were spreading, and who disregarded the old established Indian line. Texas finally estab- lished reservations in 1854, but the Lipans, in- stead of going on them, returned to Mexico, numbering at the time 560, and constantly raided into Texas. After the close of the civil war the United States endeavored to draw back the Indians who had gone to Mexico. Some of the Lipans entered New Mexico in 1872, but did not remain. The next year a party raiding into Texas were pursued by Gen. McKenzie, who struck a Kickapoo camp, kill- ing several. Soon afterward the Kickapoos were induced to remove back to the United States, but efforts to recover the Lipans failed. LIPARI. I. A group of volcanic islands (anc. ^Eolice or Vulcanice insulce) in the Tyrrhenian sea, between the "W. coast of Naples and the N. coast of Sicily, from which they are distant from 12 to 40 m. ; pop. about 22,000. The isl- Town of Lipari. ands are 1 7 in number ; the principal of them are Lipari, Vulcano, Stroniboli, Salina, Pana- ria, Felicudi, and Alicudi, with many adjacent islets and rocks. They are 'all mountainous. The climate is salubrious and the air pure, and the principal products are fruits, wine, cotton, corn, peas, beans, &c. Storms and earthquakes are frequent. Lipari (anc. Lipara), the largest of the islands, is about 18 m. in circuit; pop. about 18,000. It supplies Europe with pumice stone, of which its surface is almost wholly composed. None of the islands except Lipari appear to have been anciently inhabited to any extent. At the commencement of the second Punic war a Carthaginian squadron was wreck- ed on the shores of Lipari and the island of Vulcano. Lipari was prosperous under the Romans, and was sometimes used as a place of exile for political offenders. It was much fre- quented for its hot springs, one of which still remains in use. II. A town, capital of the group, on the E. coast of Lipari island, with a harbor nearly 2 m. in circuit, 38 m. N. W. of Messina; pop. about 6,OuOO. It has an active trade in the produce of the islands with Pa- lermo, Messina, and Naples. It contains a cas- tle, a bishop's palace, several churches, a hos- pital, and some remains of antiquity. The greater part of the present fortress was built by Charles V. about the middle of the 16th century, after the town had been plundered by Khair ed-Din (Barbarossa). LIPETZK, a town of Russia, in the govern- ment of Tambov, on the Voronezh, 230 m. S. S. E. of Moscow ; pop. in 1867, 14,239. It is noted for its manufactories and mineral springs. LIPPE, or Lippe-Detmold, a German princi- pality, bounded N. E. by the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau, E. by the province of Hano- ver and by Waldeck, and on all other sides by Westphalia; area, 437 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 111,135, of whom 2,638 were Roman Catholics, 1,035 Jews, and all the others Protestants, most- ly Reformed. It is trav- ersed by chains of the Teutoburg mountains, called here LippJscher Wald, and drained by the Werre and other small tributaries of the We- ser. The staple produc- tions are flax and tim- ber. The principality comprises the counties of Lippe, Schwalenberg, and Sternberg, and sev- eral Westphalian places. The principal towns are Detmold, the capital, and Lemgo. In 1815 the principality became one of the states of the German confederation; in 1866 it joined the North German confederation; and since the beginning of 1871 it has formed part of the German empire. In 1848 a new constitu- tion was promulgated, but the former and less liberal one was restored in 1853. The diet consists of only one chamber, numbering 21 deputies, V of whom are chosen by the nobility and 14 by the towns and rural communities. The revenue in 1871 amounted to $189,000, the expenditures to $186,000 ; the public debt in 1872 was $304,000. In virtue of a special military treaty with Prussia, the military force has been incorporated with the Prussian army. LIPPE - SCHAUMBURG. See SCHAUMBUKG- LIPPE. LIPPI. I. Fra Filippo, an Italian painter, born in Florence in 1412, died in Spoleto in 1469. He was of obscure parentage, and at an early age found refuge in the convent of the Carmelites in Florence, where he was induced by poverty to assume the habit of the order,