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LODI LOFTUS 573 and became an actor and dramatist. In 1584 he was entered as a law student at Lincoln's Inn ; he next accompanied as a soldier the ex- peditions of Clarke and Cavendish, and then applied himself to the study of medicine at Avignon. Having obtained his degree of M. D., he began to practise as a physician in Lon- don, and achieved great success owing to his intimate relations with the Roman Catholic party. He published a treatise on the plague, of which he is said to have died. The most important of his works are : " Rosalynde : Eu- phues Golden Legacie" (1590), a novel, chiefly interesting as the basis of Shakespeare's " As You Like It," and reprinted in Collier's " Shake- speare's Library" (1840); "The Wounds of Civil War lively set forth in the True Tragedies of Marius and Scilla," a drama (1594 ; reprinted in Dodsley's " Old Plays ") ; and " A Margarite of America" (1596), a tale, said to have been written during his voyage with Cavendish. He also wrote a "Defence of Stage Plays" (1580), and Translations of Josephus and Sen- eca (1602-'14). A collection of his pastoral and lyric poetry was published in 1819. LODI, a town of Lombardy, Italy, in the province and 18 m. S. E. of the city of Milan, on the right bank of the Adda ; pop. about 20,000. It stands on a gentle elevation in the midst of a fertile plain, and consists of the town proper, surrounded by walls with four gates, and eight suburbs. It is well built, and has a fine square lined with arcades. The cathedral has a Gothic facade, and contains a bass-relief which is a remarkable specimen of early Christian art, and several other fine works. Among the churches is that of the In- coronata, said by some to have been built by Bramante, in the form of an octagon, and an exquisite specimen of the renaissance style. Some of the paintings executed for it by Calis- to da Lodi are so like those of Titian that they have been ascribed to him. There are several fine palaces, and other noteworthy buildings are the town hall, the theatre, and the hospi- tals. Lodi is the seat of a bishop, and contains a diocesan seminary, a lyceum, a gymnasium, and a number of other educational establish- ments, including a famous English female school. The principal manufactures are ma- jolica and delft ware and chemical products; but the great staple is Parmesan cheese, which is almost exclusively made in the district of Lodi. The cows set apart for this cheese, many of which are brought from Switzerland, exceed 30,000, and sometimes it is said 70,000, and the annual production is more than 27,- 000,000 Ibs. Lodi was built in the 12th cen- tury, about 6 m. from Lodi Vecchio, which was of some importance under the Romans, and was called Laus Pompeia in honor of its founder, the father of Pompey the Great. The Milanese, who were in constant hostility to the inhabitants of Lodi, destroyed the old town in 1158, after which the new town sprung up around a fort built by Frederick Barbarossa in 1162. Lodi has acquired celebrity in modern times by the memorable passage of the bridge and the victory over the Austrians achieved here by Bonaparte May 10, 1796. LODOMERIA, the Latin name of the princi- pality of Vladimir in Volhynia in the middle ages. On the first division of Poland, in 1772, Austria gave the name of Galicia and Lodo- meria to its share. (See GALICIA.) LODZ, a town of Russian Poland, in the gov- ernment of Piotrkow, on a branch of the rail- way from Warsaw to Vienna, 75 in. S. W. of Warsaw; pop. in 1867, 34,328, nearly all Ger- mans. The town 50 years ago had only a few hundred inhabitants, but is now next to War- saw the most populous of the Russian king- dom of Poland. It owes its rapid growth to its manufactories of cloth and other woollen stuffs. It is called the Polish Manchester. LOFFODEN, or Lofoten, a group of islands off the N. W. coast of Norway, between lat. 67 and 69 30' N., and Ion. 12 and 17 E., extend- ing S. W. to N. E. about 175 m. ; pop. about 17,000. The largest are Ando, Lango, E. and W. Vaago, Flagstato, and Hindo; and they constitute the bailiwicks of Loffoden and Ves- teraalen in the province of Nordland, except- ing the S. E. part of Hindo, which forms part of Finmark. The coasts are exceed- ingly rugged and indented, and the interiors are mountainous and barren. The scenery is of the wildest and most magnificent kind; the islands, bays, and lakes are countless; the sharp-pointed peaks, 3,000 to 4,000 ft. above the sea, rise nearly perpendicularly out of the water, covered with moss almost to the water's edge till late in summer. As the snow melts numerous little waterfalls pour down the cliffs. The number of sea fowl is enormous, and the eider ducks are so numerous and so tame that the steamers have to relax their speed to avoid running over them. The famous Maelstrom is a narrow passage near the . S. end of the group, between the islands of Moskenes and Vser. This whirlpool is pro- duced by the current that rushes in and out of the Great West fiord, which lies between the Loffoden isles and the W. coast of Norway. Millions of cod are annually caught in the neighborhood of these islands from the middle of February to that of April. They are visited during the season by 3,000 to 4,000 open boats, manned by 15,000 to 20,000 men, the produce being more than 16,000,000 fish, 20,000 bar- rels of cod-liver oil, and 6,000 of cod roes. A considerable quantity is sold fresh, but the greater portion is dried and known as stock fish. The herring fishery is carried on during summer, and is very profitable. The most im- portant islands for fisheries are E. and W. Waago, where fish are more plentiful than in any other part of Europe. LOFTUS, William Kennett, an English archae- ologist, born at Rye about 1820, died on the passage from India to England in November, 1858. He was educated at Cambridge, where