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710 LUDWIGSBURG LUINI Die MaTcTcdbaer (1855), Agnes Bemauer (1857) ; the tales Zwischen Himmel und Erde (Frank- fort, 1856), and Thuringer Naturen (1857); and the posthumous works Reden oder Schwei- gen, Der Todte von St. Anna's Kapelle (Berlin, 1871), and Shakespeare- Studien, the latter ed- ited by Heyderich (Leipsic, 1871). LUDWIGSBURG, a town of Wtirtemberg, 8 m. N. of Stuttgart; pop. in 1871, 11,785. It is the second residence of the king of Wiirtem- berg, and its vast palace, one of the largest in Germany, has a fine collection of paintings and spacious gardens. It has several churches, a lyceum, a military school, an eye infirmary, a famous Protestant educational institution (the Salon), an arsenal, and a cannon foundery. The principal manufactures are woollens, cot- ton, linen, earthenware, leather, jewelry, and organs. David Strauss was born and died here. LUDWIG'S CANAL. See CANAL, vol. iii., p. 684. LUDWIGSHAFEN, a town of Bavaria, in the Palatinate, opposite Mannheim, on the left bank of the Rhine, which is here crossed by an iron railway bridge; pop. in 1871, 7,874. It was formerly called the Rheinschanze (re- doubt of the Rhine), and serves as bridge head to Mannheim. It received its present name from King Louis I. in April, 1843, since which time, owing to the active trade, especially with Paris, Frankfort, and Mentz, the population has rapidly increased. LUGANO, a town of Switzerland, alternately with Locarno and Bellinzona capital of the can- ton of Ticino, on Lake Lugano, 38 m. N. N. W. of Milan ; pop. in 1870, 6,024. The church of Sta. Maria degli Angioli contains a famous fresco painting of Bernardino Luini. The town has also a large theatre, manufactories of silks, leather, and iron ware, and is an im- portant entrepot of trade between Italy and France. The lake of Lugano, which has a length of about 20 m. and an average breadth of 2 m., has magnificent scenery, and is con- nected by the river Tresa with the Lago Mag- giore. Its shape is very irregular. The N. E. portion of it belongs to Italy, as well as the terminations of its W. and S. arms. LUGANSKI, Kosak. See DAHL, VLADIMIR IVANOVITOH. LUGO. I. A N". W. province of Spain, in Galicia, bordering on the bay of Biscay and the provinces of Asturias, Leon, Orense, Pon- tevedra, and Corunna ; area, 3,787 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 475,836. It is very mountain- ous, and but a small portion of the surface can be cultivated. The principal rivers are the Minho, Sil, and Eo. The coast is very rugged, with high cliffs and but small harbors. Cape Estaca is the most northerly point of Spain. The mountains are pretty well wood- ed near the base, and their slopes afford con- siderable fine pasturage. The inhabitants are mainly cattle-raisers, muleteers, and fishermen. Agriculture is in a primitive condition, a large part of the work being done by women, and education is very much neglected. The min- eral productions are iron, antimony, lead, gran- ite, and marble. Among the more important towns are Mondofiedo and Rivero. II. A city (anc. Lucus Augusti), capital of the province, on the left bank of the Minho, 48 m. S. E. of Co- runna, with which it is connected by railway ; pop. about 21,000. The town is nearly square, and is surrounded by massive walls with pro- jecting towers, the top of which forms a favor- ite public walk. It is the seat of a bishop, and has a cathedral which dates from 1129, the only one in Spain that enjoys the privilege of having the sacred host continually exposed night and day. The streets are regularly laid out, and are wide, clean, and paved. There are a dozen squares, two parish churches, two convents, two hospitals, a prison, a theatre, barracks, and sulphur baths. The episcopal palace con- tains a large library. The manufactures in- clude woollen and linen fabrics, especially ho- siery, leather, hats, soap, candles, wine, and oil ; and fine books, mainly of local interest, are published here. In the 5th century Lugo was the capital of the kings of the Suevi. A part of the city wall is of Roman origin, and in 1842 a curious Roman mosaic pavement was discovered here. LUGOS, a town of S. Hungary, capital of the county of Krass6, 34 m. E. by S. of Temesvar ; pop. in. 1870, 11,654. It is traversed by the river Temes, separating the German from the Rouman or Wallach town, which contains nearly three fourths of the population. The surrounding district is rich in wine, which con- stitutes the principal article of commerce. The town is the seat of a Greek bishop, and contains a gymnasium, a convent, and military barracks. It was once a flourishing city and strong for- tress, but was devastated by the Turks, who gained here a victory over the Austrians in 1695. It was the last place of refuge for the Hungarian army and government during the war of 1849. LUIGI, Andrea di, called also L'INGEGNO and ANDEEA DI ASSISI, an Italian painter, born in Assisi about the middle of the 15th century, died subsequent to 1511. Vasari says that he was an artist of great genius, the rival and fel- low pupil of Raphael, and that in the bloom of youth and the maturity of his powers he was suddenly afflicted with total blindness while assisting his master Perugino in painting his frescoes in the Sistine chapel ; whereupon he was pensioned by Sixtus IV. Rumohr in his Italienische Forschungen has satisfactorily proved the whole story to be a fiction, and has assigned to Luigi a much lower place as an artist than he has hitherto held. LUINI, or Lovini, Bernardino, an Italian paint- er, born at Luino, on the Lago Maggiore, in the latter half of the 15th century, died subse- quent to 1530. He is supposed to have been a scholar of Leonardo da Vinci from the close- ness with which he imitated his style. The best judges are frequently at a loss to discrim- inate between the two, and out of Italy Luini's