Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume X.djvu/720

714 LUMP FISH LUMPKIN some look, its flesh is esteemed as food by the northern Europeans. It is not uncommonly thrown up on our beaches during storms, and is occasionally caught by the hook when fishing for cod, but it is not eaten in this country. By means of the ventral disk it can attach itself very firmly to objects; it is voracious, feed- ing principally on young fish ; it spawns about May, just before which the colors are brilliant, with tints of blue, purple, and orange. Sever- al other species occur in the vicinity of Green- land, described by Kichardson in the Fauna Boreali- Americana. The genus liparis dif- fers from the preceding in having a more elon- gated body, compressed posteriorly, and a sin- gle long dorsal with a corresponding anal fin. The unctuous lump fish, or sea snail (L. com- munis, Art.), from 6 to 18 in. long, brownish above with darker stripes, and yellowish white below, is often caught on the shores of Scot- land, where it adheres to stones in the small pools left by the receding tide; it feeds on aquatic insects, mollusks, and small fishes; it occurs also on the coasts of Greenland, where other species are found. In the genus lepido- gaster the pectorals are very large,*descending below the throat, supported by four firm rays at the lower part on each side, and united around an oval disk in front of the concave disk formed by the ventrals; there are appa- rently two pairs of pectorals and two pairs of ventrals, but one pair of each are mere folds of skin and not true fins ; the membranous fold of the second pectorals contains fibrous rays, and is attached to the shoulder bone, and the membranous ventral fold to the styloid or pubic bone, which structural peculiarities, in the opin- ion of Agassiz, render necessary the separation of this genus and its allies into a distinct family. The body of the Cornish lump sucker (L. Gou- ani, Lacep.) is smooth, with a single dorsal fin opposite the anal and near the caudal ; bran- chiostegal rays five; no pyloric appendages; the length is only three or four inches, and the general tint pale flesh color, with carmine spots and patches. There are other species, all re- markable for their powers of adhesion, which enable them to resist strong currents and the action of the waves, and possibly to attach themselves to various objects, or even to fish, for purposes of locomotion, like the remora or sucking fish; they are sluggish in their habits, and delight to hide beneath stones near low-water mark ; their food consists of crus- taceans and marine worms, which they swal- low entire ; they are very tenacious of life ; on account of the small openings from the gills, they have no air bladder. An allied genus is gobiesox, in which the pectorals and ventrals form only one disk ; the dorsal and anal are short, and separated from the caudal. The toothed lump fish (G. dentex, Lacep.), from the Cape of Good Hope, may be known by the strong teeth in the front of the jaws ; it is scar- let-colored, and several inches long. Other genera are mentioned by Mtiller and Agassiz. LFMPKIN, a N. county of Georgia, drained by Ghestatee river and its branches ; area, about 400 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 5,161, of whom 462 were colored. A range of the Blue Ridge crosses its N". border. The surface is gen- erally hilly, and the soil near the rivers high- ly productive. It contains several gold mines, which are the richest in the Atlantic region, and copper, silver, magnetic iron, and lead are also found. The chief productions in 1870 were 8,911 bushels of wheat, 82,013 of Indian corn, 8,828 of oats, 7,620 of sweet potatoes, 12,297 Ibs. of tobacco, and 39,072 of butter. There were 325 horses, 831 milch cows, 1,423 other cattle, 2,383 sheep, 5,293 swine ; 1 flour mill and 3 quartz mills. Capital, Dahlonega. LHIPKIIV. I. Wilson, an American states- man, born in Pittsylvania co., Va., Jan. 14, 1783, died in Athens, Ga., in 1871. Early in 1784 his father removed to that part of Geor- gia now known as Oglethorpe county, and in 1797 was appointed clerk of the superior court there, and the son became an assistant in his office, and devoted his leisure to the study of law. He had scarcely reached the age of 21 when he was elected to the legislature, and he was subsequently reflected a number of times. He was twice elected governor of the state, in 1831 and 1833. In 1823 he was appointed by President Monroe to mark out the boundary line between Georgia and Florida; and by President Jackson he was appointed one of the first commissioners under the Cherokee treaty of 1835. He was one of the original members of the board of public works, created by the state legislature. He served in the United States house of representatives from 1815 to 1817, and from 1827 to 1831, and in the senate from 1838 to 1841. II. Joseph Henry, an Amer- ican lawyer and jurist, brother of the pre- ceding, born in Oglethorpe co., Ga., Dec. 23, 1799, died in Athens, Ga., June 4, 1867. At an early age he entered the university of Geor- gia, but afterward went to Princeton, N. J., where he graduated. In 1820 he was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice at Lexing- ton in his native county, where he soon gained eminence in the profession. In 1844 he re- tired from the bar on account of ill health, and shortly afterward visited Europe. In 1845 he was elected a justice of the state supreme court, afterward became chief justice, and held that office until his death. As a judge he held a high position. At the bar he was chiefly distinguished as an advocate in criminal causes, and his extraordinary appeals to the sympathy of jurors were long the subject of conversation among those who had opportu- nities of hearing him. He was a prominent advocate of the temperance cause. In 1846 he was elected to the chair of rhetoric and ora- tory in the university of Georgia, which he de- clined. At the time of his death he held the chief professorship in the Lumpkin law school at Athens, in connection with the state uni- versity, of which institution he was a trustee.