Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume X.djvu/772

766 MACAPA MACAQUE but with Japan, the Philippine islands, and In- do-China; but its commerce is much dimin- ished. In 1844 the Portuguese authorities suc- ceeded in securing from the Chinese govern- ment privileges similar to those given to the English in China. In 1845 the port was de- Macao. clared open to foreigners ; but the Chinese were subjected to a tariff until 1849, when the port was made free to all traders, and a* tax on na- tive houses was laid as a measure of compen- sation, which drove away many Chinese. The opening of the Yang-tse and the northern ports also affected its trade materially. The principal exports are tea, rice, aniseed, and ca- nella; imports, opium, cotton, and silk. Most of the revenue is derived from licensing gam- bling houses and other places of ill repute. For several years the principal business of Macao was the shipment of coolies; in 1870, 10,813 were shipped to Peru and 5,705 to Cuba. The Chinese government long allowed this trade to be carried on without interference, but at length took measures to prevent it, and in 1874 it was abolished by the Portuguese authorities. MACAPi, a town of Brazil, in the province of Amazonas, on the left bank and 130 m. from the mouth of the Amazon, 1,690 m. K K W. of Rio de Janeiro ; pop. 7,500. The streets are regular and spacious, and the houses well built of brick and covered with tiles. It has a parish church and school house, a town hall, a prison, and a hospital ; and the harbor, which is commodious, is defended by a fort, which also commands the passage of the river. Rice, millet, cotton, manioc, cacao, and other spontaneous tropical fruits, and fine cabinet woods, are exported. MACAQUE, a name given to several quadru- manous animals intermediate between the long- tailed monkeys and the baboons, constituting the genus macacus (Lacep.), characterized by a facial angle of 40 or 45, elongated muzzle, distinct superciliary ridges, long and large ca- nines, short tail, and rather compact form. The common macaque (M. cynomolgus, Lac6p.) is olive-brown above and grayish white below, with black feet; it inhabits the interior of Africa, and, according to Geoffroy, the island of Java. It has the coloring and the compara- tively long tail of the guenons, but the heavy and strong form of the baboons ; the general position is on all-fours or seated on the ground, taking food either by the hands or immediately by the mouth, and filling the ample cheek pouch- es before swallowing anything. The wande- roo, or lion-tailed monkey (M. Sileniis, Lacep.), from the Indian archipelago, is black above, with grayish longer hair on the back of the neck and a gray beard ; under parts gray ; tail with a tuft at the end ; it is about as large as a span- iel dog, living in the woods, feeding on roots and leaves, and of harmless disposition. The Pig-tailed Macaque (Macacus nemestrinus). pig-tailed macaque (M. nemestrinus, Geoffr.), from Java and Sumatra, is deep brown above, with a black dorsal stripe, tail slender and reaching to the middle of the thigh, and limbs yellowish. Some of these macaques have been placed in the genus inuus (Guv.), which in-